Author Archives: Frank Schäfer

Pseudetroplus maculatus (formerly: Etroplus maculatus)

15. January 2024

The orange chromide, Pseudetroplus maculatus, is a well-known aquarium fish and has not disappeared from the tanks of enthusiasts since it was first introduced. Recent studies indicate that the three species of cichlids from India (Pseudetroplus and Etroplus) are not so closely related to the cichlids (Cichlidae), but rather to the damselfishes (Pomacentridae). However, this is of no significance for aquaristic practice.

For many years only a xanthoristic (golden yellow) cultivated form of P. maculatus was available in the hobby. We are now very pleased to be able to offer the wild form once again, which is widespread in Sri Lanka and southern India. P. maculatus exhibits a slight polychromatism (= multicoloration). In every wild population there are some with a more yellow and some with a more grey basic coloration. One of the aquaristic challenges is to maintain this variety of colors in the aquarium over generations.

Pseudetroplus maculatus can be kept in pure freshwater or brackish water. The sexes do not differ in color or fin characteristics, but from the onset of sexual maturity (males with about 5 cm, females with about 4 cm length) the males are always larger than the females. The maximum length for males is around 9 cm. If the animals are the same age or come from the same import, and if you take the largest and the smallest specimen, you will practically always have a pair. Pseudetroplus form a parental family. They are open breeders, so the fish spawn openly on stones, wood or similar. The eggs sit on small stalks and therefore move when they are fanned. The fry are led by both parents. Similar to the discus, the parents feed their young partly with skin mucus.

For our customers: the animals have code 415803 on our stock list. Please note that we only supply the wholesale trade.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Cleithracara maronii KOUROU

12. January 2024

The Keyhole cichlid (Cleithracara maronii, formerly Aequidens maronii) is a well-known aquarium fish that has only rarely been imported to Europe as a wild catch since its first import in 1936. The demand is covered by captive breeding. Although the species has no striking colors – the very varied pattern consists of brown, grey, beige and black tones – it is very popular because it only grows to around 10 cm long, is extremely peaceful, hardly burrows and is gentle on the plants. All in all, a perfect aquarium cichlid.

For the first time we can now offer captive-bred specimens of a local variant of Cleithracara maronii, which was found during a private collecting trip to French Guiana near Kourou (the spaceport). C. maronii is considered an endemic of the Maroni. This river is the border between Suriname and French Guiana and runs about 170 km west of Kourou. The Kourou variant is really spectacularly beautiful with its occasionally (!) red back and blue gill covers! Could it be a separate species after all? Who knows…

For our customers: the animals have code 607104 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply the wholesale trade.

Text: Frank Schäfer, photos: Henrik Weitkamp

Vittina turrita and V. semiconica

12. January 2024

The nerites (Neritidae), also known as racing snails, are very popular. Their beautiful coloration is one of the reasons for this, but also their excellent properties as algae cleaners, which (if you keep enough specimens) reliably keep the aquarium glass clean. Plants, on the other hand, are left completely alone. And there is no unwanted mass reproduction, as the larvae of these snails can only develop in the sea. The only downside of nerites are the white, chalky egg capsules that they attach to solid objects everywhere.

Nerite snails are among the exotic animal species that became known in Europe very early on, as their pretty shells have always been used as jewelry. The animals, which are very common in nature, are also traditional food for the local population. Vittina turrita was originally described in 1791 under the name Nerita turrita, later transferred to the genus Neritina, where it was listed in the subgenus Vittina until recently. In a major review of the nerites – a taxonomically difficult group – Vittina was elevated to genus rank (Eichhorst, 2016), so since then the species has been called Vittina turrita. The genera cannot be distinguished with the naked eye; this can only be done with microscopic techniques.

At the species level, non-specialists are completely overwhelmed by Neritina in the broader sense. Although a “bible” for all nerite snails was published in 2016 (Eichhorst, T. E.: Neritidae of the World, Vol. 2. , ConchBooks, 672 pp., num. color figs, 170 pls, hardcover), this proud work also has a proud price. Aquarists are usually guided by the shape and color of the shell, the coloration of the underside and the operculum and its shape, which is sadly not visible on the living animal. 

These characteristics are completely identical in the zebra snails and the onion or tractor snails. Nevertheless, the latter, which derives one of its popular names from the fact that its shell pattern is reminiscent of the tire imprints of a tractor, is currently considered a valid species named Vittina semiconica, after V. semiconica was previously considered a synonym of V. turrita for many years. We obtain both forms from the same supplier in Indonesia.

Many unanswered questions can probably only be resolved when more aquarists become involved in breeding these snails. This requires a saltwater aquarium, but that should not be a fundamental obstacle. Vittina have separate sexes, so there are males and females, although they cannot be distinguished externally. However, it would be proof of species identity if eggs from a breeding group with phenotypic zebra snails spontaneously grew into tractor snails. The adult snails live exclusively in fresh and brackish water.

For our customers: Zebra snails have code 485483, the onion or tractor snails have code 485502 on our stock list. Please note that we exclusively supply the wholesale trade.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Misgurnus anguillicaudatus GOLD

10. January 2024

The albino breeding form of a weather loach (Misgurnus) originating from subtropical Asia is currently enjoying a constant increase in popularity. We call it Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, but this is only a makeshift name, as the correct species names of the Asian Misgurnus species cannot currently be determined.

The albino weather loach reaches a length of 15-20 cm. The sexes are easily recognizable much earlier. The photographed specimens, for example, are only 5-6 cm long. Even at this size, the males already have clearly recognizable longer pectoral fins than the females. The Asian weather loaches are very temperature tolerant (5-32°C) and can survive in heavily polluted water. Even if the oxygen content of the water falls below the limit in which “normal” fish can still survive, the weather loach defies this adversity because it has the ability to intestinal respiration. This involves taking in air from the water surface with the mouth, swallowing it and extracting oxygen from this air in the intestine. The used air leaves the fish as fart. In the late Middle Ages, European weather loaches (Misgurnus fossilis) were kept indoors in water-filled tubs as weather prophets. Because the water in such containers spoils easily at low pressure, i.e. the oxygen content drops, the fish became restless, frequently took a breath and thus indicated a change in the weather. 

Weather loaches are absolutely peaceful towards all fish, leave plants alone and, as omnivores, are easy to feed with all commercially available ornamental fish foods. All in all, they are ideal fish for beginners as they can easily cope with many of the care mistakes that beginners make.

For our customers: the animals have code 431103 on our stock list. Please note that we only supply the wholesale trade.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Manarma moeschii ( = Pseudosesarma moeschii)

8. January 2024

The red mangrove crab or red Thai crab is by far the most popular crab for paludaria (combined aquaria and terraria). What is not yet widely known is that it was placed in a different genus – Manarma – in 2020. In the hobby, the species name is also traditionally misspelled. The correct name is moeschii (i.e. with SCH and two I’s), not moeshi or something similar; the species was named in 1892 in honor of the collector, Dr. C. Moesch in Zurich.

These animals should always be kept in groups, as they are social. As a slight addition of salt to the water (approx. 5-10g/l) is very good for the animals, the tank should be filled with such salted water. Red mangrove crabs are omnivores and can easily be fed on fish food and all kinds of plant foods (leaves, fruit, vegetables).

You can find a detailed article on setting up an optimal tank for these crabs here: https://www.aqualog.de/blog/ein-paludarium-fuer-mangrovekrabben/ (unfortunately only available in German)

For our customers: the animals have code 490003 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply the wholesale trade.

Text & Photo: Frank Schäfer

Literature

Schubart, C.B. & P.K.L. Ng (2020): Revision of the intertidal and semiterrestrial crab genera Chiromantes Gistel, 1848, and Pseudosesarma Serène & Soh, 1970 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), using morphology and molecular phylogenetics, with the establishment of nine new genera and two new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 68: 891–994.

Rhinogobius zhoui

5. January 2024

This freshwater goby, which attains a maximum length of 4-5 cm, is one of the most attractive discoveries of ornamental fish of the last years. However, in the beginning the fish were extremely expensive. Currently we can offer them for a comparably moderate price.

Rhinogobius zhoui originates from China. In the natural habitat – brooks – it lives along with the well known goby Rhinogobius duospilus (often better known under the synonymous name R. wui) and other species. R. zhoui is a pure freshwater goby. One should keep them in unheated aquaria (16-22°C) due to the subtropical region the fish come from. The water should be clean and have some current. Keeping and feeding the fish is otherwise unproblematical.

Males are distinguished from the females by the broad white seams in the fins and the more intensive colours. The small fish change their coloration quite often and quick. It is a lot of fun to observe an aquarium that contains these tiny gobies that are always in the mood for a harmless quarrel.

For our customers: the fish have code 453497 on our stocklist. Please note that we exclusively supply the wholesale trade. Available in limited numbers only!

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Batasio fasciolatus

5. January 2024

For the first time ever we obtained a species of Batasio from North Bengal in India. They belong to the species Batasio fasciolatus, which was described scientifically only in 2006. One can see that the determination of species of Batasio is not that easy keeping in mind that B. fasciolatus was already subject of an ichthyological study and even illustrated back in 1941; however, at that time it was wrongly determined as B. tengana.

Keeping Batasio in aquaria is – in contrast to the determination – rather easy. These fish inhabit brooks and other flowing waters, so they prefer a clear and well filtered water that should be not too warm. 18-24°C are a good choice for keeping Batasio. The animals have comparatively short barbels and often swim in the open water column, they are not strictly bottom dwellers like many other catfish. Against conspecifics and other fish that are not too small (in that case they may be eaten) Batasio are absolutely peaceful, one can consider them even as social animals. To the best of our knowledge the maximum size of B. fasciolatus is about 7-8 cm.

Batasio fasciolatus feeds readily on any type of usual fish food, may it be flakes, granulated food, frozen or live food.

For our customers: the animals have code 372868 on our stocklist. Please note that we exclusively supply the wholesale trade.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Caridina multidentata Orange and Snow

5. January 2024

The Amano shrimp, Caridina multidentata (formerly: C. japonica) is the most popular of all aquarium shrimps. However, it is only available seasonally from wild collections. However, as there is a year-round demand, the species is bred on a large scale. For German offspring, see here: https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/31-crayfishes-shrimps-crabs-snails-mussels/amano-shrimp-now-also-available-as-german-offspring/

When animals are bred, sooner or later color or physical deviations always occur. In the case of the Amano shrimp, two new colors have been created, namely Orange and Snow. Both are becoming increasingly popular. In terms of care, they do not differ from the original form, only in terms of color. Incidentally, you should not be disappointed when you unpack the animals at home. When excited, the color cells contract and the shrimps look like the parent form. But this changes shortly after acclimatization.

For our customers: Orange has code 481509, Snow 481507 on our stock list, please note that we only supply wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Leptobotia tchangi

2. January 2024

The loaches of the genus Leptobotia differ from all other botiide loaches in that the razor-sharp, sickle-shaped spine under the eye, which all botiide loaches can erect and lock in the event of a perceived or real threat, is only single-pointed. In Botia & Co. it is usually two-pointed. At present, around 20 species are differentiated in Leptobotia, but it is not possible to be more precise, as research is currently being carried out on the genus and new species are constantly being discovered and old, previously synonymized species rehabilitated.

Many Leptobotia species remain small, under 10 cm in length, but the genus type, L. elongata, with a maximum length of over 50 cm, is the largest botiide loach species of all (see https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/07-carp-like-fishes-1-loaches/large_emperor_loaches_arrived__en/).

We have now been able to import a few specimens of Leptobotia tchangi for the first time. These beautiful loaches belong to the medium-sized Leptobotia species. A standard length of 12 cm (i.e. excluding the caudal fin) is given, which corresponds to a total length of around 15 cm. With a total length of 10-12 cm, our animals are therefore almost fully grown, and in any case they are sexually mature. 

L. tchangi is variable in color, but large, brightly bordered spots are visible on the back of all animals. For the variability see a movie we made about the fish: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BypCVa5nCPM

Among our animals, some are recognizable as sexually active males, as they have comparatively larger pectoral fins. So far, L. tchangi has proved to be a peaceful, somewhat skittish animal that even leaves much smaller fish (in our case white clouds, Tanichthys micagemmae) completely unnoticed. L. tchangi originates from southern China and therefore requires a temperature range between 16 and 26°C (the range is probably even wider, but given the rarity of the fish, you shouldn’t take any risks for the time being). They appear to be insensitive to water composition (hardness, pH value), at least nothing specific can be said in this respect based on our observations. Any common ornamental fish food is readily accepted.

All in all, Leptobotia tchangi is a nice enrichment for friends of cool aquariums. According to the exporter, however, it is only very rarely available.

For our customers: the animals have code 424653 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply the wholesale trade.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Dalmatian, Marble and Calico mollies

22. December 2023

At least three species of mollies are the source species of the numerous breeding forms of these fish that exist today: Poecilia sphenops, P. latipinna and P. velifera. P. mexicana may also have been involved, but this is unclear as this species was long regarded as a synonym of P. sphenops. The scientific differentiation of the molly species from one another is difficult because all four taxa mentioned have so-called early and late males, which differ considerably from one another in terms of their finning characteristics.

The assignment of the various cultivated forms to the wild species is therefore usually quite arbitrary and also makes little sense from a scientific point of view, as they are almost always hybrids. Some color and fin characteristics could only be established in the strains through crossbreeding. This applies, for example, to the characteristic of the fork-fin tail fin, the so-called lyratail. Lyratails are now found in all three Molly species. The “balloon” mutant, in which the body is greatly shortened, is relatively new. It seems to have only been successfully established in velifera-like fish so far, but is available in all known Molly colors and fin shapes.

However, other characteristics also occur in the wild in the various species. These include black coloration, which is also found in many natural populations of all four species mentioned. In its maximum expression, this leads to the so-called black molly. 

The black speckled mollies, which are often referred to as “Dalmatians” after the dog breed, are currently very popular. Within a litter of Dalmatian mollies, almost every conceivable amount of black can be found, from a few “splashes of ink” on a silver background to fish that would almost pass for black molly. In some forms, the animals are also referred to as Marble or Calico instead of Dalmatian, but it’s all the same, there is no real distinction, everyone is free to do as they please. Darker types are usually referred to as marble, lighter ones as dalmatian, depending on which coloration there are more animals of. In the wild, there is only one black speckled specimen among thousands of normally colored animals, but the color trait can be well established in selection breeding, as it is inherited on only one allele and in both sexes (if a trait is inherited from several alleles, possibly even on different chromosomes or sex-specifically, breeding becomes complicated). 

An allele is – just to refresh your knowledge of genetics from school – a section of a gene that is responsible for a certain characteristic.

The largest of the Dalmatian mollies is the sailfin (P. velifera), which grows to a length of 8-15 cm (usually 6-8 cm). The males can fold their dorsal fin far forward when excited, the angle between the dorsal line and the front edge of the dorsal fin is then barely 45°. The broadfin molly (P. latipinna) can grow to a similar size, but is usually only 4-6 cm long. In this species, the front edge of the dorsal fin usually points towards the tail and the angle between the dorsal line and the front edge of the dorsal fin is no more than 90° when the fin is spread. Dalmatian mollies, which are essentially based on P. sphenops/mexicana, have much smaller dorsal fins ( = short fins) with far fewer rays. In purebred animals, P. velifera have 18-19, P. latipinna 13-14 and P. sphenops/mexicana 8-11 rays in the dorsal fin.

For our customers: the animals have code 432532 (Balloon Dalmatian), 432554 (Balloon Neon Calico), 433043 (Lyra Highfin Dalmatian), 433053 (Highfin Dalmatian), 432183 (Shortfin Marble Ancient), 432153 (Shortfin Calico), 432193 (Lyra Shortfin Marble Ancient), 432703 (Marble), 432723 (Lyra Marble), 433043 (Lyra Velifera Dalmatian) and 433063 (Velifera Marble) on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply the wholesale trade.

Text & Photos: Frank Schäfer

Sarcocheilichthys parvus

20. December 2023

The genus Sarcocheilichthys from China has the potential to become a new star in the ornamental fish sky. There is a complex of small (6-7 cm) species within the genus in southern China, which are characterized by a broad longitudinal band. The males of all three species develop very pretty vermilion fins at spawning time. The females, on the other hand, develop a long egg-laying tube, as we know from bitterlings. It is not known whether Sarcocheilichthys also spawns in mussels. The fish of this genus inhabit smaller rivers and do not require additional heating if the aquarium is kept indoors. 

One of the three species is Sarcocheilichtys parvus. Even if it is not spawning season, the males give an idea of how pretty they will be. Our current import also includes some specimens of a sibling species that was only scientifically described as a new species in 2020: Sarcocheilichthys vittatus. This species is slightly more elongated than S. parvus, but otherwise very similar. In S. vittatus, the males also develop a blood-red throat during the spawning season. The third species of the complex, Sarcocheilichthys caobangensis, has also been brought to Europe in isolated cases, albeit misidentified as S. parvus. S. caobangensis can be recognized by the deep black spots at the base of the dorsal fin, which are present in both sexes.

Sarcocheilichthys parvus are a pure joy in the aquarium. They are peaceful, sociable animals that adapt well to aquarium life. Any common ornamental fish food is readily accepted, but it should not be too coarse, as the mouth of Sarcocheilichthys parvus is small and made for pecking. From a scientific point of view, Sarcocheilichthys belong to the gudgeon family (Gobioninae) and not to the bitterling family (Acheilognathidae).

For our customers: the animals have code 433753 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply the wholesale trade.

Literature: 

An, C.-T., E Zhang & J.-Z. Shen (2020): Sarcocheilichthys vittatus, a new species of gudgeon (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Poyang lake basin in Jiangxi Province, South China. Zootaxa 4768 (no. 2): 201-220.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Corydoras seussi

18. December 2023

In the huge variety of species of Corydoras, four species stand out in particular due to their bright orange pectoral and dorsal fin spines: Corydoras sterbai, the associated long-snouted C. haraldschultzi, C. gossei and its long-snouted counterpart C. seussi. We aquarists are naturally delighted by this sight, but we should not forget that these are warning colors. A sting from such an armored catfish spine is a very painful experience that can give you “pleasure” for days.

All four species, including Corydoras seussi, originate from the Rio Marmoré basin in Brazil and Bolivia. Care and breeding do not present any insurmountable difficulties, although only C. sterbai is so popular in the hobby that it has also been accepted in commercial breeding facilities. The other three species are rather delicacies for connoisseurs: C. seussi is comparatively the rarest species in the trade. However, all four species are currently on the market, which is a rare opportunity for biologically interested aquarists to study them comparatively in the aquarium. It is particularly exciting to keep short and long snouts together. In the wild, C. gossei and C. seussi occur at least occasionally in huge mixed shoals comprising many thousands of individuals.

Before its scientific description as Corydoras seussi (in honor of the Corydoras aquarist Werner Seuss), this species had the name C27. The chemical composition of the water is irrelevant for maintenance, but for breeding you should aim for black water values as in the natural habitat. These armored catfish are considered to be thermophilic (26-30°C), which also makes them ideal companions for Discus aquariums.

For our customers: C. seussi has code 230264 (lg) and 230265 (xlg) on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply the wholesale trade.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Pseudancistrus genisetiger

15. December 2023

This beautiful loricariid catfish was already scientifically described in 1941. The type locality is the drainage of the Rio Jaguaribe in the Brazilian state of Ceará in the north-east of the country. The maximum length published to date is around 13 cm (10 cm without caudal fin).

The Rio Jaguaribe is notorious for its erratic water flow. For a large part of the year, the river can be almost dry and then, almost suddenly, it can carry large volumes of water again, flooding neighboring human settlements and towns.

The identification of the catfish presented here as Pseudancistrus genisetiger is apparently undisputed among loricariid catfish enthusiasts. It only seems strange that in the literature (accessible and known to us) no one seems to have ever pointed out that there is an enormous similarity to the catfish known as L238/LDA40, which also originates from the north-eastern region of Brazil, but is usually assigned to the genus Delturus, which occurs much further south.

Pseudancistrus genisetiger shows – typical for the genus – spines around the snout in both sexes. According to our observations, males and females are best distinguished by the shape of the head (shorter snout in the female, best seen from above), both sexes are bearded. The very fine teeth are typical of Aufwuchs eaters, so in terms of diet Pseudancistrus genisetiger are best compared to the Ancistrus species, which are very well known aquaristically.

In terms of behavior, we noticed that Pseudancistrus genisetiger does not live as hidden as many other L-catfish, but is almost constantly visible during the day. In addition, this catfish seems to be quite social, as even in the photo tank the animals could always be found in close proximity to each other. As is usual with L-catfish, there is always some wrestling, but it is always harmless. 

For our customers: the animals have code 283734 on our stock list. Please note that we only supply the wholesale trade.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Marosatherina ladigesi

15. December 2023

The Celebes Rainbow, Marosatherina ladigesi, is perhaps still remembered by some readers as Telmatherina ladigesi. The species lives endemically (i.e. – seen worldwide – exclusively there) in cool karst streams in the area around Bantimurung, Maros karst, Sulawesi Selatan; Sulawesi belongs politically to Indonesia, but zoogeographically to the Australian region. In former times the big island was known as Celebes.

Marosatherina ladigesi grows about 5-6 (rarely to 8) cm long around is a peaceful, lively schooling fish, which should be kept in harder, well buffered water. A strong current is ideal. The males develop long extended fin rays in dorsal and anal fins. Each animal – male as well as female – has an individually differently coloured first dorsal fin with a different amount of black. During courtship the males become smoky black. They spawn in fine-grained plants, brood care is not practised by these fish.

A shoal of 10-20 specimens is a wonderful sight that you will not forget so quickly. The animals are a little bit sensitive to moving, but otherwise easy to care. They accept any usual fish food, but prefer to eat from the surface. Plants are not damaged. 

For our customers: the animals have code 461204 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply the wholesale trade.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Parambassis siamensis

15. December 2023

Formerly this species of glass perch was the most common found in the trade. It has a very wide distribution through Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. However, Parambassis siamensis was most often mis-identified and traded under the name “Chanda wolffii”. P. siamensis is very similar to the Indian species P. ranga. Both are distinguished by only minor details and both become about 6 cm long.

These glass perches are wonderful aquarium fishes and very peaceful. They do not accept dried food items, but can be easily fed with frozen of live food. The fish are undemanding in respect of the water, but the water should be not too soft and — more important — not too acidic. The best pH is between 7.5 and 8.5. It is not recommended to add salt to the water; both species are pure freshwater fish.

It is important not to keep them alone or by pair, but in larger schools. Ten specimens should be the minimum, otherwise the fish will be very shy and anxious. They spawn in fine plant material. The mating rituals are very nice to look at. The fish do not care for eggs or brood. It is pretty difficult to raise the extremely tiny brood that accepts only live copepod nauplia for food. The best nauplia for raising glass perches are those from members of the genus Diaptomus.

For our customers: the fish have code 441304 on our stocklist. Please note that we exclusively supply the wholesale trade.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Rubricatochromis sp. Neon

13. December 2023

If aquaristics were exclusively about colors, there would hardly be any need for species other than Rubricatochromis. The “Neon” is probably a breeding form created by crossing and selection, in which the blue iridescent spots, which most red jewel cichlids have, are combined to form larger areas. In terms of body shape, Hemichromis sp. Neon are most likely to be assigned to the species R. guttatus.

But it’s not just about color. Unfortunately, the red jewel cichlids have a characteristic that many aquarists don’t like at all: they are unpredictably aggressive. This characteristic is individual. Some animals are lamblike, others can become real tyrants in the aquarium.

But the truly incredible coloration and wonderful family life of these cichlids make it well worth taking the risk!

For our customers: the animals have code 537142 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply the wholesale trade.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Boesemania microlepis

11. December 2023

The drums (Sciaenidae), to which Boesemania microlepis belongs, are mainly known from the sea. Only a few of the approximately 300 species live permanently or occasionally in freshwater. These fish are known as “drums” because they make a very audible sound. Larger schools of these fish have already triggered submarine alarms because they cast a shadow on the radar and the sounds are not dissimilar to an engine.

Drums are rarely kept in the aquarium. They usually grow to a length of 30-50 cm, including B. microlepis, for which a maximum length of 100 cm is given. B. microlepis is a pure freshwater fish that occurs in Southeast Asia from Thailand to Sundaland, i.e. parts of the Malay Peninsula and the Greater Sunda Islands. Our animals come from Indonesia.

Boesemania microlepis do not have much to offer in terms of color. What makes them attractive is their unusual shape. They are extremely defensive fish. If a B. microlepis is mobbed by another fish, it turns to the side in consternation and ducks away – not the slightest trace of aggression or resistance! B. microlepis is a very important food fish in its native countries. In terms of aquarium care, we recommend large aquaria, soft substrate (sand), well-structured tanks with plants and roots and peaceful tankmates. In our fishhouse, these fish prefer to eat live food (tubifex, red mosquito larvae).

For our customers: the animals have code 396453 on our stock list. Please note that we only supply the wholesale trade.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Spatuloricaria sp. „Black-White Peru“

8. December 2023

The genus Spatuloricaria comprises currently 11 accepted species. Members of this genus are large, splendid whiptail cats. There is probably no species that stays smaller than 30 cm in length, some become definitely larger. This means that the fish have to be kept in large aquaria. Spatuloricaria are sensitive against poor water quality. Thus a good working, large filter is indispensable for a successful keeping.

Males of Spatuloricaria develope impressive “beards” during the breeding season, which are reduced afterwards again. Spatuloricaria are cavebrooders which prefer to spawn under flat stones. Breeding reports can found in the German magazine Amazonas, No 12 (7/8, 2007).

Spatuloricaria are omnivorous, but they prefer meat (bloodworm, cyclops, artemia etc.). Additionally flakes basing on plant material can be offered. The long, curved fangs in the upper jaw indicate that this species mainly eats snails in the wild, as such teeth only make sense in this context: to pull the soft body of the snail out of the shell. Aquarium observations on this subject are still pending.

The Spatuloricaria we were able to import from Peru probably represents a scientifically undescribed species. Besides the spectacular black-and-white-coloration a unique feature of this species is that it has only three (instead of four in most other species) broad black bands on the back posterior to the dorsal fin. Spatuloricaria sp. “Black-White Peru” has been assigned the code number LDA 115.

We have also made a small film about these fish, which you can watch here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YDYopr1O69Y

For our customers: the fish have code 293785 on our stocklist. Please note that we exclusively supply the wholesale market. 

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Rhinogobius shennongensis (2)

8. December 2023

The brook gobies (Rhinogobius) are as adult fishes pure freshwater inhabitants, which are found at most once in the brackish water of the lower reaches of running waters; but even this is the exception, not the rule. With 140 described species, 72 of which are generally considered valid, there is still a wide open field here for aquarists with an urge to explore. All species can be maintained well in the aquarium. When breeding, there are those Rhinogobius that have tiny larvae that grow in the sea and those that have large larvae that grow in freshwater. All species are cave spawners, the male guards the clutch until the larvae hatch. Brood care ends when the larvae swim free.

Once more we could import Rhinogobius shennongensis from China. It originates from the Yangriwan, upper Hanjiang River, Mount Shennnong, Hubei Province. The maximum length is about 5-6 cm, males are larger than females. The sexes are most easily distinguished by the shape of the head. According to their origin, the fish are kept not too warm (18-24°C), in clear, oxygen-rich water with a good current. They are bottom fish, the males form territories. Rhinogobius shennongensis is somewhat quarrelsome; therefore possible tank mates should not be too squeamish. All common ornamental fish food is eaten, although some specimens do not like dry food. Frozen food is always accepted.

For our customers: the fish have code 453480 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

L90a Panaque bathyphilus

6. December 2023

The large, wood-eating Panaque species have their loyal fans. Although these animals only reach us in relatively small numbers, they have been on offer from exporters for decades.

This includes L90, the variably colored Panaque bathyphilus from Peru, which can easily reach a body length of 60 cm in old age. We have reported on 15-20 cm long specimens here: https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/10-catfishes/l90a-panaque-bathyphilus-2/ Its international trade name is “Papa White Tail”.

Now we once again have small animals on offer, in the size classes 4-6 cm and 6-9 cm. Among them are a striking number of animals with an intensely orange tail fin (L90a). We really had to search to find a specimen with a white caudal fin (the usual coloration) for comparison. We think they are very, very pretty!

For our customers: the fish have code 26480- L 090A-2 (4-6 cm) and 26480- L 090A-3 (6-9 cm) on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply the wholesale trade.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Corydoras sarareensis ( = C23)

4. December 2023

It has been almost 20 years since we were able to offer this beautiful armored catfish from Brazil. Corydoras sarareensis, which was given its species name after the Rio Sarare from which it originates, was only scientifically described in 1995. Prior to this, the species was known as “C23” in the hobby.

The Rio Sarare is a tributary on the right bank of the Rio Guapore. Ornamental fish collectors rarely stray into this river. Although C. sarareensis has already been successfully bred in the aquarium, offspring are rarely sold in the trade. We are therefore very pleased to be able to offer these beauties once again.

For our customers: the animals have code 244353 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply the wholesale trade.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Pseudocrenilabrus sp. Ruaha

1. December 2023

The small mouthbrooders of the genus Pseudocrenilabrus have been kept and bred in the aquarium since the beginning of modern aquaristics – in the 1880s. The species P. multicolor was once so popular that it was simply called “the mouthbrooder“, although it was already known at the time that there were hundreds of species of mouthbrooding cichlids.

In comparison, the systematics of Pseudocrenilabrus are in serious disarray. The species presented here has not yet been scientifically studied. It was probably first discovered by Lothar Seegers in the upper catchment of the Ruaha River on one of his Tanzania expeditions in 1996, brought back with him and presented in the literature. We do not know whether the animals on the market today are still descendants of this first import. There are no commercial exports from this region of Tanzania, but from time to time Killians (i.e. enthusiastic killifish keepers) stray into this corner of the world. It can therefore not be ruled out that a few specimens were brought back to Europe or the USA after 1996.

Pseudocrenilabrus sp. Ruaha is a typical dwarf mouthbrooder. The males are fully colored and sexually mature at 5-6 cm, females are 1-2 cm smaller. In large aquaria the animals can certainly grow a little. The sexes can be easily distinguished by the coloration of the anal fin, which is striped in the males and without markings in the females. The anal fin pattern also reliably distinguishes P. sp. Ruaha from other Pseudocrenilabrus species. The vertical stripes, which the animals often show due to their mood, are also striking.

Care and breeding do not differ from the well-known species P. multicolor, which is why we will not go into more detail here. 

For our customers: the animals have code 567062 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply the wholesale trade.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Beaufortia kweichowensis

1. December 2023

The name for this hillstream loach may be new to you, but you know the animal. In fact, Beaufortia kweichowensis is or was the most common hillstream loach in the trade and was traded as “China Pleco”, “Chinese Butterfly Sucker” or “Butterfly loach”, with the scientific name usually being Beaufortia leveretti. Beaufortia leveretti really does exist, the species is found on Hainan Island. In contrast to B. kweichowensis, it has no spots on its body (only a somewhat blurred pattern). But because Beaufortia species are very similar in many physical characteristics, the ichthyologist Fang described his new discovery kweichowensis in 1930 only as a subspecies of B. leveretti, which had been described three years earlier by his colleagues Nichols & Pope. And because this resulted in a very long name (Beaufortia leveretti kweichowensis), the subspecies designation kweichowensis was often omitted from dealers’ stock lists; what remained was B. leveretti.

Today, these two Beaufortia are regarded as different species. B. leveretti is practically not found in the trade, the animals offered under this name are always B. kweichowensis. This species originates from the West River, the main tributary of the Pearl River in southern China. Most of the animals in the trade come from Guangdong Province, which is a main trading center for live animals of all kinds. In addition to B. kweichowensis and other hillstream loaches, most  gobies  belonging to the species Rhinogobius duospilus, formerly known as R. wui, also come from there, for example.

The most important characteristic of B. kweichowensis is certainly – from a general aquaristic point of view – that it is a temperate animal and not a tropical inhabitant. The species should therefore not be kept permanently at temperatures above 24°C, as this would mean its death in the long term! Ideal temperatures are between 12°C in winter and 21°C in summer, whereby extreme temperature changes up and down should always be avoided. The fish are inhabitants of strongly flowing waters and need clean, oxygen-rich water. In the wild, B. kweichowensis feeds on aufwuchs, i.e. the rich micro-life that forms on the top of stones etc.. Therefore, feed a varied diet of good flake food (plant components are important), frozen food and fine live food.

Beaufortia kweichowensis is ideal for unheated aquaria and therefore fits in perfectly with modern energy-saving concepts. They are largely peaceful with each other and with other fish, although the males (they are slimmer in build) chase off conspecifics from their immediate vicinity without causing damage.

For our customers: the animals have code 373193 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply the wholesale trade.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Brachyplatystoma tigrinum (formerly: Merodontotus tigrinus)

1. December 2023

It’s hard to believe, but this striking and large catfish – the species reaches a final length of approx. 85 cm – which is also widely distributed in Amazonia (Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil) was only discovered in 1981! It was described in the genus Merodontotus, which was created especially for it, but is now considered a synonym of Brachyplatystoma. 

In the mid-1980s, there was a real hype about this strikingly marked animal. It was (and still is) a high-priced fish because its preferred habitat is rapids, where it is difficult to catch. Initially, it was only known from the Teotonio rapids in the Rio Madeira, which is now drowned in a reservoir due to the construction of dams to generate electricity. Fortunately, the zebra shovelnose was not only found there. Nevertheless, dam construction is disrupting the migration routes of large catfish (including B. tigrinum), with some species migrating thousands of kilometers to their spawning grounds, to such an extent that some species are seriously endangered.

Keeping these beautiful catfish is not particularly difficult. Of course, they need comparatively huge aquariums, not so much to swim in as to guarantee good water quality. After all, what a half-meter catfish devours is returned to the water in a different form – and that’s no small amount! We in the wholesale trade keep these treasures individually to prevent all eventualities, but they are usually compatible with each other. Successful breeding in human care has not yet been reported. On the other hand, a number of close relatives of M. tigrinum are kept in aquaculture and propagated very effectively, so that this would be possible without great effort if required. 

However, this is hardly worthwhile for aquaristic purposes. After all, only a few specialists still keep such hummers these days. Small juveniles up to around 5 cm in length are unspectacularly grey in color, only then do vertical stripes slowly develop, so that on the one hand it takes a relatively long time for the species to take on a sales-promoting coloration at 10-15 cm and on the other hand the transport costs for larger fish that are demanding in terms of water quality are already very high. The animals we can currently offer are 20-25 cm long and beautifully colored!

We have also made a small film about these fish, which you can watch here

For our customers: the animals have code 267604 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply the wholesale trade.

Text & Photos: Frank Schäfer

Periophthalmodon septemradiatus

29. November 2023

Within the true mudskippers – these are the species that actively leave the water and search for food on land, etc. – there are two genera: Periophthalmus (19 species) and Periophthalmodon (3 species). They do not differ externally, only in the structure of their teeth. We have now received Periophthalmodon septemradiatus from India, a beautiful species that grows to about 10 cm in length.

In terms of color, mudskipper species differ mainly in the coloration of the first dorsal fin of the males. This coloration is species-specific and the fin is used for communication both within and between species. Several mudskipper species usually occur together in one biotope, which differ in their final size and food preferences. By quickly moving the first dorsal fin up and down, the males impress each other, signal to other males that they are not competitors and court the females. This behavior is called “flagging”. The females of P. septemradiatus have no first dorsal fin at all or only a very stunted one. The sexes are therefore easy to distinguish.

Periophthalmodon septemradiatus is widespread along the coast of the Indo-West Pacific Ocean and can be found from India to Vietnam. This already shows that the larvae of this species – like those of most mudskippers – develop in the sea and, after a larval period in the plankton, go ashore where the currents have taken them.

The care of Periophthalmodon septemradiatus is typical for mudskippers. Brackish water is better for the animals than pure fresh water, in any case it is important to ensure that the pH value is above 8 if possible. The males sometimes fight fiercely. The social behavior of these animals is best compared with Malawi cichlids (mbuna). So: either just one male per aquarium or a whole troop (10 or more animals), this usually avoids murder and manslaughter. The diet is simple, any good dry food is readily accepted, plus frozen and live food for variety.

For our customers: the animals have code 441171 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply the wholesale trade.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Pseudorasbora elongata

27. November 2023

The genus Pseudorasbora comprises only five accepted species. Representatives of the genus can be easily recognized by the upwardly directed mouth fissure, a characteristic that is rare within the carp fish (Cyprinidae). Pseudorasbora is originally distributed in East Asia (China, Russia, Japan). One species, P. parva, was unintentionally introduced in the 1970s with food fish (grass carp, silver carp, marbled carp) intended to combat algae plagues in Central Europe and is now considered one of the worst invasive species within the EU. The algae plague was a consequence of the high phosphate inputs from detergents and inadequate wastewater treatment at the time.

Four of the five Pseudorasbora species look very similar to P. parva, but one – P. elongata – is completely out of the ordinary. We have now been able to import a small number of these beautiful animals, which are native to China (Guangxi, Anhui and Zhejiang provinces, but are only rare and local everywhere, and are considered endangered at the type locality, the Li River) for the second time (the first time was in 2016). As the species is probably highly endangered due to dam construction and other environmental influences (although it is listed as “not endangered” ( = least concern) in the current International Red List), we very much hope that breeders will take care of the animals. Other Pseudorasbora species practise brood care, a rarity among cyprinids. In P. parva, the male aggressively guards the spawn attached to solid objects (stones, roots, aquarium glass etc.) until the larvae hatch.

Genetic studies show that P. elongata is closely related to the other Pseudorasbora species. It is therefore quite likely that their brood care behavior is also similar. Externally, these fish are strikingly similar to the tetra Anostomus ternetzi (see: https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/09-characoids-tetra-relationship/anostomus-ternetzi-2/). Our animals are peaceful with each other. They will accept any common ornamental fish food. When feeding, these fish sometimes make strange clicking noises that sound as if you were flicking a small glass with your fingernail. Due to their origin, we recommend keeping them at room temperature (18-22°C, with a possible 3-4°C deviation upwards and downwards). The maximum length of P. elongata is given as 12 cm (standard length without caudal fin).

For our customers: the animals have code 446473 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply the wholesale trade.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Cichla kelberi “Spider”

24. November 2023

Just a few decades ago, the Peacock Basses from South America (genus: Cichla) were considered almost unsustainable for aquaria, but nowadays they are bred regularly and in large numbers. The latest craze is Cichla kelberi “Spider”, a breeding form whose origin is not yet known.

The photos show our current stock, 16-18 cm long specimens, really beautifully colored animals! It is to be expected that they will reach a final length of 40-50 cm, like the parent species, which originates from the Araguaia and lower Tocantins in Brazil. 

For our customers: the fish have code 636345 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply the wholesale trade.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Oryzias latipes “Medaka Black”

24. November 2023

The small rice fish Oryzias latipes was domesticated by humans at an early stage and was one of the very first exotic fish species to arrive in Germany before the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. It became the pet of geneticists, so to speak – especially in Japan – who conducted and still conduct basic research on this fish species. Medaka – as they are known in Japanese – have only come back into the focus of western aquarists in recent years. 

As medaka can be kept and bred all year round in small outdoor ponds in Japan and the Japanese are known to be skilled breeders, numerous breeding forms were created relatively quickly, which are supposed to differ from each other, especially in their top view, as this is how they are seen in ponds. In addition to the classic yellow, orange and wild-colored animals with glittering scales, there are also white and black ones. The more striking of the breeding forms have also found their way into the farms of professional breeders in South East Asia and have since fallen very significantly in price. We currently have a whole range of medaka from there in stock, e.g. gold, orange, sparkled blue, sparkled orange and the black presented in the pictures in this post.

For our customers: the animals have code 339750 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Inpaichthys sp. “Red Eye”

24. November 2023

It’s amazing how many new and extraordinarily beautiful tetra species have appeared in recent years. Among them is an Inpaichthys species that has not yet been scientifically recognized and is referred to as the “Red Eye” by those who catch it. The I. sp. “Red Eye” differs from the well-known king tetra (I. kerri) not only by its red eye but also by its bright orange fins and a differently structured flank band.

It is important to know that the I. sp. “Red Eye” is a naturally occurring species and not a cultivated form. Due to the high price, some professional breeders could be tempted to acquire only one or a few specimens and then cross these with I. kerri in order to obtain I. sp. “Red Eye” at low cost by backcrossing with the parents. In the long term, this would lead to the aquaristic extinction of the pure species, as has unfortunately already happened in the past with zebrafish (Danio rerio) and white clouds (Tanichthys albonubes) and some other species. We therefore strongly advise against such cross-breeding experiments!

We can now offer a few German offspring of Inpaichthys sp. “Red Eye” for the first time. Our breeders are conscientious aquarists who run no risk of cross-breeding.

For our customers: the animals have code 264788 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply the wholesale trade.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Corydoras sychri

22. November 2023

The beautiful Corydoras sychri from Peru – it lives in the Rio Nanay – is unfortunately only occasionally available. We currently have very nice, large specimens in stock. There are some species that can be confused with C. sychri. The best known is C. atropersonatus, which also comes to us from the Rio Nanay. C. atropersonatus (see https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/10-catfishes/corydoras-cf-atropersonatus-morocha/ and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hL0p-tTbB7M) is a round-snouted species, C. sychri a long-snouted species. There is also the undescribed C53, which is the saddle snout in this group (see https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/10-catfishes/corydoras-sp-aff-sychri-longnose-c53-2/); this species is also found in the Rio Nanay.

Corydoras sychri grows to around 5-6 cm long. It is a typical Corydoras that does not have any special requirements. Soft soil, living in a group, well-maintained water and a varied diet make this armored catfish happy, which in turn makes the keeper happy.

For our customers: the animals have code 247003 on our stock list. Please note that we only supply the wholesale trade.

We have also made a small film about these fish, which you can watch here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=opsxju_A41s

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Hyphessobrycon epicharis (2)

20. November 2023

We recently succeeded in importing the species Hyphessobrycon epicharis, which had previously only been imported in very small numbers (see https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/09-characoids-tetra-relationship/hyphessobrycon-epicharis-2/ and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBofRyOLk3g). Now we have succeeded in importing once more that species that is unmistakable due to its distinctive shoulder spot. 

This time the animals are somewhat smaller (and therefore cheaper), but more colorful. Many of the animals have red tail fins and shiny golden gill covers. Once again you can see that it is important to have seen a larger number of live animals of different ages in order to be able to judge the color variability of a species.

For our customers: the fish have code 260042 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply the wholesale trade.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Micralestes humilis ( = “M. stormsi”)

17. November 2023

Unfortunately, Micralestes humilis from Nigeria is only offered relatively rarely. This species, which belongs to the Congo tetras, is a wonderful contrasting fish for West African aquaria. The bright red adipose fin of this species is particularly striking. On the one hand, it serves to keep the shoal together, but is also confusing for predatory fish. This is because predators concentrate on the eye of their prey when attacking. In M. humilis and some other, very similar species (including M. stormsi, under which name M. humilis is usually traded), the upper half of the eye is red; in a swarm, there is a high probability that the predator will inadvertently concentrate on the adipose fin instead of the eye and thus the attack will come to nothing.

The maximum length of M. humilis is occasionally given in the literature as over 10 cm; however, this is very exaggerated and is probably due to confusion between the 17 Micralestes species, which often look very similar at first glance. We think that 6-8 cm is a realistic value for M. humilis. Micralestes can be described as easy to care for; there are no special requirements on the water composition or food, 22-26°C water temperature is ideal. Males and females differ clearly in the shape of the anal fin, which has a bulge at the front end of the male. The only thing to bear in mind is that Micralestes are real flight animals and therefore skittish. Your aquarium should therefore be large and well structured, with peaceful tank mates.

For our customers: the animals have code 149001 on our stock list. Please note that we only supply the wholesale trade.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Schistura atarensis ( = Schistura cf. balteata)

17. November 2023

There are a large number – over 300, of which over 200 are considered valid species – of scientifically described Schistura species; only very few of these have found their way into aquaria to date. One of the most beautiful is the species previously known as Schistura cf. balteata from Thailand, which was recently (October 2023) described as Schistura atarensis. So far, the species has only been known from the catchment of the Ataran River. The larger part of the Ataran flows through Burma, but the upper reaches belong to Thailand, where it is also known as the Kasat River. There are two colour varieties; according to the Thai exporter, one originates from the area around Ranchaburi; this population can be recognized by its spotted dorsal fin. Another location is near Kanchanaburi, where the dorsal fin only has a stripe directly above the back.

The biotope is said to be a small rivulet, the water never deeper than 20 cm. The water is fast running, cool, and rich of oxygen. The rivulet is running through a wood.

We obtain these fishes about 5-6 cm long. At that size the sexes are recognizable (males have a proportionally broader head). We have heard rumours of about 10 cm long specimens in the internet, but have never seen such large animals ourselves.

Schistura balteata has been described from Birma in 1948. The species has a vertical double band over the middle of the body. Specimens imported from Birma always showed a beige body color, while in Thai specimens the frontal portion of the body can become dark olive and the tail bright red or yellow with dark bars. It is unknown wether the red ones (which are currently imported) and the yellow ones occur together. They have been imported together in the past occasionally. Specimens that do not show the red or yellow tail pattern (this is mood depending) look the same. These loaches can change their coloration drastically and very fast. It is very interesting to observe their behaviour.

These types of Schistura are territorial fish and defend their territory against other fish. So it is necessary to keep these loaches in tanks with a lot of hiding places.

For our customers: the fish have code 454933 on our stocklist. Please note we exclusively supply the wholesale trade.

Literature:

Dvořák, T., Bohlen, J., Kottelat, M. & Šlechtová, V. (2023): Revision of the Schistura cincticauda species group (Teleostei, Nemacheilidae) using molecular and morphological markers. Scientific Reports, 13: 16996, 15 pp.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Trichogaster trichopterus ( = Trichopodus t.)

17. November 2023

The spotted gourami is one of the most important ornamental fish of all and is one of the top 100 worldwide. The species is extremely widespread in Southeast Asia. Despite its relatively small size (usually 8-10, rarely up to 15 cm), this gourami is used as a food fish and can survive for a long time out of the water due to its labyrinth breathing. This means that Trichogaster trichopterus was already widely introduced by humans in early history and today it is found almost worldwide where the climate permits.

Nevertheless, the golden-brown wild form of the spotted gourami is extremely rare in the trade. Yet it is not as inconspicuous as you might think. The blue, golden, marble and silver gourami (all cultivated forms of T. trichopterus that do not occur in the wild) are beautiful fish, but so are the wild ones!

For our customers: the fish have code 470033 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply the wholesale trade.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Crenuchus spilurus

15. November 2023

Crenuchus spilurus is the only formally described species of the genus Crenuchus. There is, of course, at least one other species in Venezuela (see https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/09-characoids-tetra-relationship/a_new_species_of_crenuchus__en/). C. spilurus was originally described from the Essequibo River in Guyana. We have now once again received extremely beautiful specimens from Manaus (Brazil).

In contrast to almost all other tetras, Crenuchus spilurus is a cave-breeder that also practises broodcare. Unfortunately, breeding is rarely successful. The sexes are easily distinguished by the sail-shaped dorsal and anal fins of the males. In females, these fins are normally pronounced. Despite their large mouths, Crenuchus are peaceful animals. Very small fish are regarded as food, but this applies to almost all fish species.

Crenuchus are quiet creatures that live close to the bottom. Their aquarium should not be too well lit and strong currents should also be avoided. Well-planted, slightly dimly lit tanks with a dark substrate show off the colors of Crenuchus to their best advantage. The males fully deserve their name “magnificent tetras” when they show off their widely spread fins. But they don’t do this to order – unfortunately!

For our customers: the animals have code 250205 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply the wholesale trade.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Paracheirodon simulans lg-xl

13. November 2023

The internationally since always Green Neon, in German also occasionally Blue Neon (to avoid confusion with Hemigrammus hyanuary, which is also called Green Neon) called Neon tetra Paracheirodon simulans we have more or less always in our assortment, see https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/09-characoids-tetra-relationship/paracheirodon-simulans-2/

Now we have received from our supplier in Colombia comparatively extremely large specimens, as we get to see them only extremely rarely. On the photos you can see a “normal sized” P. simulans of the commercial size md-lg and these lg-xlg animals. In a review paper on miniature fishes of South America by the American ichthyologists Weitzman and Vari, a body length (excluding caudal fin) of 17 mm at sexual maturity and a maximum length of 19.6 mm is given for Paracheirodon simulans. This size is clearly exceeded by our “Jumbos”. Of course, we do not kill fish for such measurements; however, the top-view photo with ruler of one of the xlg animals allows a very accurate estimation, according to which the animal is at least 24 mm long – record!

It should be remembered that these are natural specimens and not methusalems that have grown old in the aquarium. 

For our customers: the animals md-lg have code 275704, lg-xl code 275706 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply to wholesalers.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Literature:

Weitzman, S. H., & Vari, R. P. (1988): Miniaturization in South American freshwater fishes; an overview and discussion. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 101 (2): 444-465

Dicrossus warzeli Bred

10. November 2023

The rarest of all checkerboard cichlids in the aquarium is Dicrossus warzeli, which was known as Dicrossus or Crenicara sp. Tapajós before its scientific description. In 1992 the very characteristically marked dwarf cichlid was discovered in an unnamed tributary (Igarapé) of the great Rio Tapajós in Brazil by the traveling aquarist Frank Warzel and brought back to Germany, which was still legally possible at that time. Warzel was able to bring the animals successfully to spawn, but the raising of the youngsters failed.

Since Frank Warzel documented his experiences with beautiful photos, the “sp. Tapajós” was from now on the longing fish for many dwarf cichlid friends. The commercial import succeeds only very, very rarely. We had this fish only 6 times in our stock, 5 times in 1999-2005 and now recently again in November 2022. From this last import we selected some pairs for one of our breeders, who could now deliver us the first just sexually ripe animals. 

The flank pattern makes Dicrossus warzeli, which was scientifically named in 2010 in honor of the discoverer who died surprisingly in 2004, unmistakable. When in an aggressive mood, this marking disappears, similar to other Dicrossus species, giving way to a longitudinal band. The photographs of the aggressive behavior show one of our offspring males fighting with its mirror image.

For the care, even more for the breeding of these dwarf cichlids, in which the males reach about 7, the females 3-4 cm in length, should be used warm, soft and acidic water. Very important are humic substances (alder cones, dead leaves etc.) and fine sandy substrate. In contrast to Apistogramma, Dicrossus are open spawners. The main brood care falls to the female, which can sometimes behave very dominant to the male.

For our customers: the animals have code 668823 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply to wholesalers.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Skiffia francesae

10. November 2023

Every year in autumn we receive the “harvest” of the season from our goodeid breeders. Because of the extraordinarily long and mild summer, this year it was the end of October. As is well known, it does these fish extremely good in permanent breeding if they are temporarily maintained and bred under outdoor conditions. However, they have to overwinter indoors.

Among the species we were able to get hold of this time is Skiffia francesae, the Golden Skiffia. This beautiful fish was already considered extinct in the wild in 1978, when it was scientifically described. In 2007, a previously unknown population was discovered, but its habitat had also dried up completely in the meantime. It is very nice that dedicated aquarists have managed to keep this fish in the aquarium for over 45 years now. Fortunately the trade with the animals is not subject to any restrictions, otherwise it would be to be feared that the animals would become extinct also in the aquarium because of bureaucratic hurdles.

The Goodeid friends are very meticulous about keeping the locality populations pure. The (few) fishes we can offer right now belong to the old strain (Rio Teuchitlán). In any case Skiffia francesae should not be kept together with the closely related species S. multipunctata, because the two species can interbreed. We have also been able to obtain some specimens of S. multipunctata (see https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/18-toothcarps-killis-and-livebearers/skiffia_multipunctata_en/).

For our customers: Skiffia francesae has code 455323 on our stock list. Please note that we only supply wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Dermogenys siamensis Silver-White (D. pusillus)

8. November 2023

There is a silver-white breeding form of Dermogenys siamensis (in the hobby usually called D. pusillus or D. pusilla, but this is a different species, which is not kept in the aquarium), in which – similar to the gold tetras – shiny color pigment (guanine) is produced in excess in the skin cells. In nature such a mutation can hardly survive, since it is immediately discovered and eaten by the numerous fish-eating animals, but in the aquarium such eye-catchers are naturally particularly desired.

Similar to fighting fish (Betta splendens), these half-beaks used to be bred in Southeast Asia for fish fights, because the males can sometimes be very quarrelsome. If you selectively breed particularly combative specimens of this viviparous fish over generations, you can actually get strains that will fence with each other “on command.” But this form of fish fighting has almost disappeared these days. The animals bred for peaceful aquaristics are well compatible with each other, so much so that we have never managed to photograph two males fighting with each other.

For the wild form of D. siamensis see https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/19-halfbeaks/dermogenys-siamensis-d-pusilla-2/

For our customers: the animals have code 414212 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply to wholesalers.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Elassoma evergladei

6. November 2023

The Pygmy Sunfish, Elassoma evergladei, is a classic dwarf fish and has been maintained and bred for many generations of aquarists. The species is best housed in a small species aquarium that does not require heating.

The cute fish, growing only 2-3 cm, are completely peaceful, however the males defend an individual area against conspecifics. Then they turn pitch black. Males and females are distinguished by the shiny spots on the body flanks, which only the males exhibit. Neutrally mooded, suppressed or frightened males take on female coloration, i.e. a light brown. Unfortunately, males sometimes predominate in number in a brood and there is then only one female for every 50-60 males.

Originally the dwarf sunfish comes from North America. The species name suggests it: first it was found in the Everglades. But today it is known that the species is widely distributed in the southwestern USA. Regarding pH and hardness the species is insensitive, although the animals often look better in slightly acidic water. Only frozen and live food is eaten, dry food is usually rejected by these animals.

For our customers: the fish have code 404603 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply to wholesalers.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Corydoras sp. aff. aeneus “CW26”

3. November 2023

The Bronze Corydoras, Corydoras aeneus, is – this may be surprising – very poorly researched. We know armored catfishes that roughly correspond in appearance to C. aeneus from practically all of South America, we also know the appearance of animals from Trinidad (the place from which C. aeneus was scientifically described). We know that Bronze Corydoras of the different populations look different, and we know that they differ significantly with respect to their chromosome numbers. But we don’t know what to call them.

Scientifically, the number of synonyms of C. aeneus is manageable: C. macrosteus (Sao Paulo, Brazil), C. schultzei (upper Amazon) and C. venezuelanus (Rio Cabriales, Valencia, Venezuela). These three names are used from time to time for Bronze Corydoras from the mentioned regions (or cultivated forms), but this is not scientifically confirmed. We have now received from Venezuela wild-caught Bronze Corydoras that closely resemble the orange-finned form referred to in the hobby as C. venezuelanus (see https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/10-catfishes/corydoras-venezuelanus-orange-and-c-sp-venezuela-black/), but also the Bronze Corydoras that has been assigned CW number 26.  

Nowadays one expects Corydoras venezuelanus to be well bred, with strong orange fins. The strain goes back to animals that Hans-Georg Evers and Ingo Seidel caught in 1992 in the llanos of the Orinoco in Venezuela and brought to Germany. That is now 30 years of breeding selection, one must not forget that! But because there are clear differences in color (depending on lighting and also physically) to the now imported wild catches, we have decided for the designation CW26. In any case, they are beautiful, very lively animals that make the heart of every Corydoras fan beat faster!

For our customers: the animals have code 220413 on our stock list. Please note that we supply only wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Scobinancistrus raonii L82 ( = “Scobinancistrus sp. Orange Spot”)

3. November 2023

The beautiful L82 originates from the lower Rio Xingu in Brazil (around Altamira). The species is very variable in terms of spot size and shape. Wild-caught specimens also often have a yellowish-orange spot coloration or shiny green-blue spots (“Opal-Pleco”). A few days ago (on October 30, 2023), the species, which received its L-number back in 1991, was scientifically described as Scobinancistrus raonii. These are carnivorous loricariid catfish that have little use for greenery. The maximum size reported to date is approx. 20 cm.

Fortunately the species is bred from time to time. We can offer just beautiful German offspring in the size 6-8 cm.

For our customers: the animals have code 26480-L 082x-3 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Botia rostrata

1. November 2023

To say it right away: nobody knows exactly which species of loach is hidden behind the name Botia rostrata from a scientific point of view. But this is not the right place to discuss such things. Especially interested people are referred to the very detailed work of Steven Grant (2007). The loach we present here has been imported from India for about 30 years under the name Botia rostrata, but is rarely available. We haven’t had them here for years, most recently in 2018.

These pretty animals are so variable in coloration that each individual can be identified by its markings. Typically, the pattern consists of vertical double bands that break up into a chain pattern in some specimens. In between there are all kinds of transitional forms. All loaches are – as far as they are taken from nature – only available very seasonally, because they can only be caught in significant numbers for a few weeks per year. Before and after that the animals live isolated and very hidden.

In the aquarium Botia rostrata is a pure joy. Scurrying like armored catfish, they are on the move in the aquarium. Especially B. rostrata is also an energy saving fish. According to its origin – northeastern India – it is a subtropical species that does not require additional heating in normal living spaces.  A temperature range between 16 and 26°C is appropriate. You should always keep such loaches in groups. The maximum length of the fish imported as B. rostrata seems to be 6-7 cm, so in this respect it corresponds approximately to the checkerboard loach (Ambastaia sidthimunki). Botia rostrata is a peaceful loach, which also makes itself useful by eating small snails. Otherwise, any common ornamental fish food is readily accepted, although care must be taken to ensure that enough reaches the bottom where the loaches live. Food tablets are particularly suitable for this.

For our customers: the animals have code 405002 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Literature: 

Grant, S. (2007): Part 1. Fishes of the genus Botia Gray, 1831, in the Indian region (Teleostei: Botiidae). Part 2. Mainland fishes of the genus Syncrossus Blyth, 1860 (Teleostei: Botiidae). Part 3. A new subgenus of Acanthocobitis Peters, 1861 (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Ichthyofile Number 2: 1-106.

Rineloricaria lanceolata “Albino“

31. October 2023

Albinism, i.e. the complete or partial absence of black color pigments in the body cells, occurs widely as a mutation in the animal kingdom. While albinos rarely survive in the wild because of their striking light color, they are particularly popular in commonly bred animals. On many people albinos seem very attractive.

The species Rineloricaria lanceolata, widespread in South America, is often bred in the aquarium. There are accordingly quite a lot of breeding forms, e.g. “Red Dun” (see https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/10-catfishes/rineloricaria-lanceolata-red-dun-2/) or also golden yellow animals with black eyes. Full-albinos with red eyes we can offer now for the first time.

For our customers: the animals have code 288532 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Serrasalmus irritans

30. October 2023

Serrasalmus irritans is a slender piranha, described by the first describer Peters in 1877 as follows: “The area above the lateral line spotted black-blue. The caudal fin with a broad black-blue band enclosing the middle of the base, the broad margin yellow-white; the anal fin reddish, black at the margin. A specimen, 17 centimeters long, from Fernando de Apure. Is called “caribe pinche” and is not as aggressive as the previous one.” 

Peters does not mention a humeral spot, but it is clearly visible on the well-preserved type specimen illustrated by Zarske (2012). This piranha is easily recognized by the above characteristics, possible confusion species are S. elongatus (more elongate, caudal fin dark gray-blackish) and S. rhombeus (red eye, dark caudal fin fringe). 

S. irritans, which is very rarely imported, is a resident of the Orinoco River basin (Colombia and Venezuela) and grows to about 20 cm in length. It is recommended, as usual with most Serrasalmus species, to keep them individually, because these piranhas are fin eaters.

For our customers: the animals have code 292283 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Opsariichthys cf. songmaensis

27. October 2023

From Vietnam we were able to import dragonfishes, which we first – at a superficial view – thought to be Zacco platypus. Then we looked a little bit closer and there were differences. First of all Zacco platypus has clearly wider body bands. So we started to do some research and that’s when it got complex: at the moment there is an intense discussion among experts how to classify the dragonfishes on genus level and which criteria to use to distinguish species.

Our fishes show the greatest similarity to Opsariichthys because of their hooked lower jaw combined with a matching notch in the upper jaw; five species are currently known from this genus in Vietnam, and our animals show the most similarities to O. songmaensis (according to the identification key in Huynh & Chen, 2013).

Dragonfish are magnificent aquarium fish that love cool, flowing water. They do not need additional heating, water temperatures between 16 and 24°C suit their needs. The large mouth is a clear sign that even small fish can disappear in it, so be careful. In ranking fights especially the caudal fin is affected. However, this should not deter you from keeping these animals in a shoal, because they are very social animals, despite their robust interaction with each other. Our specimens are a maximum of 8 cm long (with caudal fin) and fully sexually differentiated. In literature, 7.5 cm is given as maximum length for females, while 10.5 cm has been measured for males (both without caudal fin). Greedily eats any common ornamental fish food.

For our customers: the animals have code 439943 on our stock list. Please note that we supply exclusively to wholesalers.

Literature: 

Huynh, T. Q. & I-S. Chen (2014): A new species of cyprinid fish of genus Opsariichthys from Ky Cung — Bang Giang River basin, northern Vietnam with notes on the taxonomic status of the genus from northern Vietnam and southern China. Journal of Marine Science and Technology v. 21, Suppl. [for 2013]: 135-145.

Xiphophorus variatus Rio Coacuilco (2)

25. October 2023

About half a year ago we introduced this new variety of the wild form of the variable platyfish (https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/18-toothcarps-killis-and-livebearers/xiphophorus-variatus-rio-coacuilco-2/). Now we have received the next generation of offspring from our breeder. This time we were lucky and an alpha male already formed with us. The alpha male is the dominant male within the social structure of an animal group. In livebearing toothcarps it is generally true that alpha males show a coloration that differs from the mass of males.

We like the alpha so much that we show you the Xiphophorus variatus Rio Coacuilco here again. The pictures show the alpha male, a subordinate male (which, however, is by no means submissive to the alpha) and a female.

We also made a small movie about these fish in March 2023, which you can watch here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAhLK5fCkb4.

For our customers: the animals have code 442988 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Fundulopanchax amieti

20. October 2023

Once again we have received Amiet´s Lyretail. Fundulopanchax (formerly: Aphyosemion) amieti is a magnificent, easy to care for and peaceful killifish. Our animals are German offspring. Originally the species comes from tropical Africa, the southwest of Cameroon (Sanaga system).

Killifishes are generally considered to be fish for specialists, which live only a short time and have high demands on water values. This is true for some species, but not at all for others. Caring for Fundulopanchax amieti is no more difficult than caring for platies in terms of water values. The lyretail also has a similar life expectancy as platys, usually 2 years, sometimes longer. The only thing you have to keep in mind is that killifish love peace and quiet. They should never be socialized with bullies or too lively fish, otherwise the killies will hide all the time and and fade away.  

For our customers: the animals have code 304404 on our stocklist. Please note that we supply exclusively to wholesalers.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Limia vittata

20. October 2023

We receive a very charming lifebearer from a breeder from Thailand: Limia vittata. This species, which originally comes from Cuba, has been known aquaristically for a long time: the first import date is 1913. In the hobby, however, the animals are only sporadically available.

That is hardly to be understood, because each animal has an individually different spot pattern, whereby a swarm presents itself very attractively. With a length of up to 10 cm, females are among the largest species of livebearing toothcarps, if this information is correct. Sometimes it is hard to resist the impression that even in the past the authors sometimes “went through the nags” and they produced some angler Latin… but in any case you should provide the animals with the largest possible aquariums so that they can grow out.

For our customers: the animals have code 424892 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply wholesalers.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Gobioides broussonnetii

18. October 2023

Only rarely we can offer the dragon fish, Gobioides broussonnetii, which actually is a species of goby. Now we received once again from Colombia this strange bottom dweller. The maximum length of the species is said to be about 40 cm. They are absolutely peaceful plankton eaters, which should be offered fine sandy substrate in the aquarium.

In the wild, these animals inhabit in large numbers the lower reaches and estuaries of the rivers of the Americas that flow into the western Atlantic Ocean, from the United States to Venezuela. Adults are brackish water fish, while larvae develop in the sea. The species is so common in the wild that it is caught in large numbers as baitfish for other species. In the aquarium they are very adaptable and are quite comfortable in almost pure freshwater. However, for long-term care, we recommend adding sea salt (for coral reef aquariums, not table salt) to the water. A favorable concentration is 5-15g of salt per liter of water. Since the salt content in nature can change abruptly, the fish are insensitive to this, but the filter bacteria react very sensitively to salt fluctuations, so in aquaristic practice one should pay attention to approximately constant conditions.

The huge mouth is frightening, the grim face can only love a mother, but even if it is surprising: these gobies feed in nature mainly vegetarian on algae, namely the microscopic species Coscinodiscus concinus, which is only 150-500 µm in diameter. Just as the giant baleen whales feed on plankton, so do these gobies, and the comparatively large mouth is used to ingest large volumes of water and filter out the tiny algae. Fortunately, however, the fish will eat any common ornamental fish food in the aquarium, and in our tanks Tubifex are very popular as a power food. However, the gobies show the innate suction snapping (whereby water is taken up into the oral cavity) also in the aquarium, only the microparticles in the aquarium water are of course not sufficient for a sufficient nutrition.

All in all Gobioides broussonnetii are very interesting gobies for all who love the unusual!

For our customers: the animals have code 254683 on our stocklist. Please note that we supply exclusively to wholesalers.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Piabucus melanostoma

16. October 2023

From Paraguay we received large (10-12 cm), unusual tetras. These elegant animals can be assigned without problems to the genus Piabucus, which according to current knowledge includes three species. Two of them are supposed to occur also in Paraguay, namely P. dentatus and P. melanostoma. In the past, it was thought that the two species were easy to distinguish. The rule was: with black lower lip = P. melanostoma, without black lower lip = P. dentatus. But in a more recent study, workers found that there very well is P. dentatus with a black lower lip. According to these studies, the only sure distinguishing feature is whether there is only one row of teeth in the upper jaw (premaxillary) (= P. melanostoma) or whether there are two rows of teeth (= P. dentatus). Of course we can not see this on the living animal, so we stick to the determination as P. melanostoma.

In the aquarium these extraordinary fish are very interesting animals, which should be offered as large aquariums as possible, in which they can swim out. They are peaceful with each other and with other fishes, but there are only very few reports about keeping them. About sex differences, reproduction etc. has not been reported so far.The species is said to be widespread in South America.However, since our animals originate from Paraguay (some of the pictures show specimens from an earlier import from Argentina), thus quite far in the south of South America, one should not keep them permanently too warm.A temperature range of 18-24°C seems appropriate.They eat willingly every usual ornamental fish food.

For our customers: the animals have code 278934 on our stocklist.Please note that we supply exclusively to wholesalers.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Thoracocharax stellatus

16. October 2023

The platinum hatchetfish, Thoracocharax stellatus, is one of the more commonly imported yet mysterious species within the hatchetfish family. It appears to have an extremely wide distribution in South America. Scientific evidence exists from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Uruguay, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela. So, regardless of state boundaries, these are the Paraguay/Paraná, Amazon and Orinoco river systems. We have also received specimens from many corners of this vast species range. Visually they all match each other. However, experience teaches that such large areas are not inhabited by only one species, but in fact there are several species. And indeed, in 2014, Fagner de Souza describes two additional Thoracocharax species in his doctoral thesis. However, since doctoral theses are considered “unpublished” in the scientific sense, these two species are still formally without names. One comes from the Apure and other Orinoco tributaries in Venezuela, the other from the tributaries of the Jurua and Purus rivers in Brazil. We obtain our Thoracocharax stellatus almost always from Colombia (Orinoco).

There is only one other scientifically accepted species in Thoracocharax, namely T. securis. It represents another enigma. T. securis originates from the upper Amazon basin and, according to scientific data, is often found together with T. stellatus, but it practically never appears in ornamental fish shipments, even when ordered. This already made us doubt that this species exists at all. But it does exist, we also show you here one of the very few existing live photos of this species. It differs from T. stellatus by the considerably more curved abdomen, the absence of a black spot at the base of the dorsal fin and – this is the absolutely most undoubted recognition feature – by the fact that T. stellatus has only two to three scale rows at the base of the anal fin. There T. securis has 5-6 scale rows.

The third enigma of the platinum hatchetfish is the question of the attainable final size. For T. stellatus 6.7 cm standard length (without caudal fin) is given in the scientific literature, for T. securis 6.8 cm. However, although we have seen large numbers of T. stellatus, we have never noticed specimens well over 5 cm standard length. On paper this difference looks like little, but compared to the jumbos of Gasteropelecus maculatus, Thoracocharax seem quite dainty.

As you can see, there is still a great need for research even on the supposedly commonplace ornamental fishes. The aquarists of the world can and should participate in it. A nice side effect: Platinum hatchetfishes are splendid and interesting inhabitants in the aquarium! Keep them in groups of 5 or more and feed them insect food (freeze-dried red mosquito larvae, fruit flies, aphids etc.) as often as possible, then they are hardy fish.

For our customers: the animals have code 267004 on our stock list. Please note that we supply only wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Trigonostigma hengeli

13. October 2023

Currently there are 5 species of harlequin barbs (Trigonostigma) scientifically named and accepted: the “classic” harlequin barb (T. heteromorpha), plus T. hengeli, T. espei, T. somphongsi and T. truncata. However, genetic studies showed that there are even more species. An exciting topic! From the great Sunda Islands of Sumatra and Borneo comes the glowlight harlequin barb, T. hengeli. Typically, this beautiful species has a bright orange-pink stripe around the comparatively small wedge spot, while the rest of the body is light colored and somewhat transparent. T. hengeli is unlikely to be confused with T. heteromorpha, but there is always confusion with T. espei. T. espei looks essentially like T. heteromorpha, the anterior body is colored in T. espei (light/transparent in T. hengeli). In courtship coloration T. hengeli can be very intesively colored (seehttps://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/08-carp-like-fishes-2-barbs-minnows-carps-goldfish-etc/trigonostigma-hengeli-2/).

Overall, it can be said that T. hengeli is an ideal fish for blackwater aquariums with Southeast Asian character. Then their luminescent stripe comes perfectly into effect. The sociable animals also like to join shoals of other glowlight rasboras, in the current post e.g. Trigonopoma (formerly: Rasbora) pauciperforata. T. hengeli is absolutely peaceful and leaves even delicate plants untouched. The water temperature can be between 22 and 28°C. After acclimation the water values hardly play a role for keeping, any drinking water is suitable, however, as mentioned, the colors are considerably more intensive in water that is slightly brownish colored with alder cones, dead leaves etc.. Breeding is roughly similar to that of the harlequin barb. Like the latter, T. hengeli spawns in belly-up position under broad plant leaves. For breeding the water must be soft and acidic, otherwise the spawn will not develop. For feeding a good brand dry food is suitable as a basis, in addition frozen or live food should be given from time to time (1-2x per week), for breeding preparation also more often. The maximum length of the species is about 3 cm.

For our customers: the animals have code 452203 on our stocklist. Please note that we supply exclusively to wholesalers.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Squaliforma cf. emarginata L11

11. October 2023

Among the loricariid catfishes that are known by scientists for a very long time already is this species. It has been described initially 1840 under the name of Hypostomus emarginatus. Since then it has been placed in different genera, in 2001 in Squaliforma and in 2016 in Aphanotorulus, when Squaliforma has been considered to be a synonym of Aphanotorulus. However, that latest act is not followed by all scientists so far, so we are a bit conservative and stay with the placement within Squaliforma.

Sadly the collecting site of the type specimen of Squaliforma emarginata is not known. Not less than 5 L-numbers have been given for that species, all from different locations (L11 from Brazil, Rio Xingu near Altamira, L108 from Ecuador, upper course of the Rio Napo, L116 from Brazil, Rio Trombetas, L131 from Brazil, Rio Tapajós, L153 from Venezuela, Rio Apure). This fish (or very close relatives, who knows) is known currently from almost the whole of the Orinoco and the Amazon basins. As the fish we currently have in stock originate from the Rio Xingu the L-number 11 fits.

L11 can become as large as 40 cm and is known as a very peaceful member of the loricariid family that is very well suited for aquaria large enough. It is also a quite pretty fish!

For our customers: the animals have code 26480-L 011-4 on our stocklist. Please note that we exclusively supply the wholesale trade.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Goeldiella eques

9. October 2023

From Peru we could import this interesting catfish, which is only rarely available, although the species has a very wide distribution in South America. The up to 30-35 cm long fish has already been reported from the whole Amazon region and from the Guyana countries.

Zoologically Goeldiella eques belongs to the family Heptapteridae; there are great similarities to the South American Antennae Catfish (Pimelodidae) and only DNA studies showed that the two families probably developed independently of each other.

Remarkable features of G. eques are the large eyes, the very long upper jaw barbels and the fact that the upper lobe of the caudal fin is much shorter than the lower one; in the vast majority of otherwise similar catfish this is exactly the opposite. 

Little is known about the wild life of Goeldiella eques. Stomach examinations of specimens from the Casiquiare revealed mainly insects and spiders (land living species and aquatic insect larvae), a small fish was also present. G. eques are peaceful among each other and against other tankmates that are not suitable as food. The sexes can probably only be distinguished externally by the differently shaped genital papillae. To our knowledge G. eques has not yet been reproduced in an aquarium, there is no information available about reproduction in nature.

For our customers: the animals have code 254752 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply the wholesale trade.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Macropodus opercularis: squeaky red!

7. October 2023

Solid red paradise fishes (Macropodus opercularis) have been known since the 1990s. However, they could not really establish themselves in the market, because the animals, which were also traded under the fancy name “Macropodus rex”, turned out to be very susceptible to diseases.

Apparently the problem has been solved and we have now received really good and healthy solid red macropods from Singapore. The mutation does not only affect the blue vertical stripes. The caudal fin has no lattice pattern (as in the wild form) and is white; regenerated areas interestingly turn black. The deep blue demarcation stripe of the anal fin in wild paradise fish is black in these solid red animals. All in all a very attractive breeding form, which will surely find its friends!

For our customers: these animals have code 425913 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Corydoras axelrodi (“deckeri”)

7. October 2023

Since many decades Corydoras catfishes are sold from Colombia under the fancy name “Corydoras deckeri”. Where this name comes from is not documented, probably there was once an exporter named Decker, but nobody knows about him today. The “Corydoras deckeri” come from the Rio Meta. Behind the name there are four different Corydoras species: Corydoras axelrodi, C. loxozonus and the scientifically not yet described C3 and CW21. To C. loxozonus see here (https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/10-catfishes/corydoras-loxozonus/) to C3 here: https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/10-catfishes/corydoras-sp-c3-4/

Corydoras axelrodi and C. sp. CW21 actually look very, very similar. The difference is in the course of the upper, broad longitudinal band. In C. axelrodi it runs to the lower edge of the caudal fin base, in CW21 it runs to the middle of the caudal root.  All four species are beautiful, easy to care for Corydoras that are an asset to any South America aquarium.

For our customers: Corydoras axelrodi has code 223504, CW21 223513 on our stock list. Please note that we supply exclusively to wholesalers.

Dieter Bork (1945 – 2023)

6. October 2023

When the news reached us last Wednesday, 27.9.2023, that Dieter Bork had died, it was a shock. We had just met in the fish hall of Aquarium Glaser, he was as lively as ever, full of plans and ideas, anything but frail. It still seems inconceivable to me that he will never again tell us in his inimitable way about his observations of his fish. We were told that he did not suffer.

With Dieter Bork one of the most profiled and best aquarists I ever had the chance to meet has left us. I have known him since I started working at Aqualog and Aquarium Glaser in 1996, but the Glaser family knew him many years longer. He was always supplying larger numbers of fish he bred, mainly killifish, to Aquarium Glaser and to other wholesalers in the Frankfurt area before Aquarium Glaser was founded. Killifishes were his favorites, he bred e.g. Epiplatys annulatus and the “Earthborn”, as he called Terranatos dolichopterus and consorts, not only 20 or 30 specimens, but 150 or 200 per batch. Dieter was also able to get species that others always had trouble with, such as Lucania goodei. However, he was not limited to killis, on the contrary: everything that was considered small, delicate and difficult, whether barb, tetra, labyrinth, dwarf cichlid, blue-eyes or livebearer, Dieter maintained and bred with an unbelievable flair and empathy that is second to none.

Lucania goodei, bred and photographed by Dieter Bork.

Dieter Bork became 78 years old. On the cover of one of the books Dieter wrote with Hans J. Mayland, the publisher, Werner Schmettkamp, published a short biography of Dieter in 1998, which I would like to reproduce here – adjusted only a bit in time:

“Born in 1945 and living in Bruchköbel near Hanau, the graduate engineer and nature lover studied at the technical college in Friedberg. During 1964 and 1965 he completed 18 months of service in the German Armed Forces. As an aquarist he was active for more than 60 years and a DKG member for more than 45 years. He was engaged in breeding killifish for more than 30 years; later dwarf cichlids, rasborines and rare livebearers were added. Dieter Bork has also passed on his knowledge in the form of lectures and later as an author in aquarium magazines. His friend Hans J. Mayland, with whom he had worked intermittently since the mid-1970s, persuaded him to cooperate as a book author when the latter was looking for a partner after surviving a serious illness. This first writing collaboration resulted in the first book, “Dwarf Cichlids,” in 1997, which has since been published in English as well.”

The Bork/Mayland team has written several more books, e.g. “Seltene Schönheiten im Süßwasseraquarium” (Rare beauties in freshwater aquariums) for Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag, books on livebearers and tetras for Kosmos, “Aquarienträume” (Aquarium dreams) for Dähne, and Dieter has also written portraits in volumes of the Aquarien-Atlas series for Mergus. In the course of his writing work, Dieter also became an excellent photographer. After Mayland’s death in 2004, Dieter’s publications became much fewer. This was mainly due to the fact that he refused to deal with computers until the end. His manuscripts were literally manuscripts, i.e. handwritten records. This was accepted by fewer and fewer editors, or it was unpleasant for Dieter to submit the manuscripts in this way, although he had very legible handwriting. More serious was that you couldn’t just email Dieter the galley proofs, because Dieter didn’t have email. This made things time-consuming, which was very annoying in the hectic daily editorial routine, where there is always tremendous deadline pressure.

Personally, I had less problems with this because Dieter lived nearby and was a frequent visitor anyway. That’s why we at Aqualog still had quite often articles from Dieter in the news. Otherwise, Dieter wrote articles in the later 2000s almost only on special order of the editors. Dieter also never made the leap to digital photography, until the end he used slide films. All of this may seem a bit quirky, especially for an engineer, but perhaps here lies a key to why he was so wildly successful as a fish breeder. He had just this one hobby, aquaristics, and he did it right. Who of us would not know what time eaters PC, social media, etc. are. Dieter went to conferences, lectures and traveled to the home countries of the fish he especially loved. Computers and co. could stay away from him.

Dario dario, as Dieter saw him.

Catch of Dario dario in Ghottiganga Creek. In the background: Dieter Bork.

Dieter’s travels took him mainly to South America: Colombia, Venezuela and French Guyana, some of which he visited several times. I had the privilege to make a fishing trip to India with Dieter to look for the then new Dario dario in the biotope, but he also liked to go to Thailand, e.g. to the island of Phuket. As an aquaristic veteran of the region, Dieter was of course also a member of the Tümpelgarten in Hanau, where he often maintained several tanks in the clubhouse. His facility at home was not that big, a typical fish room, but he ran it very effectively. His special hobbyhorse was a small garden pond in which he kept mainly livebearers from spring to fall. The pond was heated during cool periods. This way of keeping led partly to fantastic colored fishes, especially wild forms of Xiphophorus variatus. In the garden Dieter had not only his pond, but also some plant treasures. A natural form of a Narcissus, for example, whereby he could tell admirers of the flower every time under detailed demonstration of the responsible index finger in epic width, how he dug out the mother plant of his stock decades ago at a stony wayside with bare hands.

One of Dieter’s garden pond platys

I will always remember Dieter as the lovable man who, while analyzing it, also performed the courtship dance of a Micropoecilia live; as the grumbler who left little good to “the scientists” (to which he then also counted me) when they once again searched in crumbs and did not even recognize the obvious cake; and as the cheerful, sensual person who was fond of all the beautiful things in life. Dieter was open and communicative, he was in exchange with numerous scientists and many well-known aquarists and was also a very popular tutor in mathematics among schoolchildren.

One of the first photos Dieter took, from 1996, showing the then still nameless Hyphessobrycon columbianus, which he discovered with P. Machnik in Colombia.

The aquaristic world community owes Dieter, among others, the Blue Red Columbian (Hyphessobrycon columbianus), which he and P. Machnik brought back from a trip to the northeast of Colombia. Probably all animals swimming in the aquariums of the world today go back to this one import from 1995. Dieter also became immortal by a blue tetra, because the species sailing already for decades under the wrong name “Boehlkea fredcochui” was described as Knodus borki in honor of Dieter Bork after the discovery that it is just not Boehlkea fredcochui, thus honoring his merits also for science.

Knodus borki was named in honor of Dieter Bork.

It’s a hackneyed phrase, but it really applies here: the gap left by Dieter Bork’s death will be hard to close. Our thoughts, good wishes and sincere condolences are with his family, who have lost a husband, father and grandpa.

Frank Schäfer for the whole team of Aquarium Glaser

Tetraodon lineatus 15-20 cm

4. October 2023

The very first puffer fish to receive a scientific name valid in today’s sense was the Nile puffer fish, Tetraodon lineatus. This was in 1758 and is not at all surprising, because the scholars of the world knew the fish since ancient times. In ancient Egypt there was even a hieroglyph in the form of the puffer fish. This hieroglyph was not pronounced as a sound or letter, but specified a state in which the subordinate noun was (a so-called determinative). The puffer fish stood for “discontented.” Perhaps this was because, like all puffer fish, it is poisonous and must not be eaten, at least at certain times, or risk fatal poisoning. Or perhaps the ancient Egyptians were aware of the animal’s sullen temperament. In ancient Egypt, the puffer fish was called “Fahaka” or “Fahaqa”, and this was also a synonym of the Nile puffer fish used until the 1980s.

Aquaristically, the Nile pufferfish has a very bad reputation. It is considered to be extremely biting and incompatible, but curious and playful, so that sooner or later every co-inhabitant gets to feel its extremely strong teeth, which remind of a parrot’s beak and easily crack open every snail shell and every mussel shell. Also the keeper should beware of being bitten by a Nile puffer fish, this gives bleeding wounds.

On the other hand, there is hardly any aquarium fish that can match the Nile puffer fish in intelligence. It is a predator and prefers to eat small fish. And to catch them, the comparatively clumsy and slow puffer fish has to be tricky. Fascinating for the observer are also its independently moving eyes, with which the Nile puffer fish attentively observes everything inside and outside the aquarium. 

The Nile puffer fish in the trade do not come from the Nile, but from the Niger. The two rivers were connected just a few 10,000 years ago and have very similar fish fauna. In the meantime Nile puffers are also bred in Indonesia. We regularly have Tetraodon lineatus on offer, both wild and captive bred. But large animals – the maximum length of T. lineatus is a little over 40 cm – are very rare for us. Right now we have 15-20 cm long specimens, quite magnificent animals!

For our customers: Tetraodon lineatus 15-20 cm (wild) have code 190307 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Chaetostoma dorsale (L147, L443)

2. October 2023

The bristlemouth catfish (Chaetostoma) are an exceptionally diverse genus of suckermouth armored catfishes. According to Fishbase (2023), 47 species are currently considered valid. From Colombia, more precisely from the surroundings of the city of Villavicencio, the capital of the department of Meta, Chaetostoma have been exported for decades as common “bread-and-butter fish”. However, it was and still is difficult to identify them.

Recently (January 2021) the scientific description of a new Chaetostoma species (C. chimu) was published, to which also an actual identification key for the Cis-Andine (= east of the Andes) species of the genus from the tributaries of the Orinoco and the Amazon is attached. According to this identification key the presented Chaetostoma from Colombia with white dots on the head is C. dorsale, a species already described in 1922.

In the hobby Chaetostoma with white dots on the head is generally called L188, even though it is known among specialists for a long time that there are several species with white dots on the head and L188 strictly speaking applies only to one species from Venezuela (surroundings of the city of Valencia), which is commonly regarded as Chaetostoma nudirostre.

Chaetostoma dorsale got the L-number 147 for a short time in 1994. Unfortunately this L-number was given again due to a mistake (to a Peckoltia species that carries the number to this day) and C. dorsale got a new one with L443 in 2010. It can be assumed that fishes offered as “L188” from Colombia are in reality C. dorsale. 

Chaetostoma dorsale grows 10-12 cm long and can be kept at water temperatures between 23 and 27°C. It is a good algae eater, but needs a lot of oxygen and should therefore be kept in strongly filtered and aerated aquaria. Basically the species can be classified as peaceful, but the immediate area around the preferred hiding place (often under a flat stone or a root on the bottom) is defended emphatically.

For our customers: the animals have code 214752 on our stock list. Please note that we only supply wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Literature

Urbano-Bonilla, A. & G. A. Ballen (2021): A new species of Chaetostoma (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Orinoco basin with comments on Amazonian species of the genus in Colombia. Journal of Fish Biology v. 98 (no. 4): 1091-1104

Hemigrammus coeruleus

29. September 2023

Although Hemigrammus coeruleus has a very wide distribution in Amazonia (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia) and was scientifically described as early as 1908, it only entered aquariums in the early 2000s (at least recognized). H. coeruleus is a fish with two faces: in neutral mood it is pretty, but not spectacular and looks like a mixture of glowlight and three-banded tetra. But when he gets into courtship mood, it is a sensation! After it was celebrated enthusiastically at the beginning and also already offsprings appeared on the market, it has become quiet about this tetra today. Why only? 

We think that it lacks a good popular name. The scientific name “coeruleus” (= the blue one) does not fit at all. It becomes blue only dead in alcohol. We suggest “volcano tetra”, because the deep red color of courting males actually reminds of glowing lava!

For more information see https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/09-characoids-tetra-relationship/hemigrammus-coeruleus-2/ and https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/09-characoids-tetra-relationship/hemigrammus_coeruleus_en/

At the moment we can offer wonderful wild ones of this rarity from Colombia.

For our customers: the animals have code 256313 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply wholesale trade

Text: Frank Schäfer, Photos: F. Schäfer and Peter & Martin Hoffmann

Channa brunnea

29. September 2023

The Rainbow Snakehead (Channa bleheri) is without doubt one of the most beautiful and colorful snakeheads and with usually 12-15 cm total length (sometimes a bit more) it stays quite small. It originates from the north of India and belongs to the few Channa species without ventral fins. Since 2007 a very similar, also colorful and small remaining snakehead from the same region is known. It was unclear for a long time whether this fish, called “Chocolate” or “Flame Fin”, represents a color variant, geographic locality form or independent species. Then in 2019, it came to be described as a species in two ways, as C. amari and as C. brunnea. The name C. brunnea was published first and is therefore valid.

The most important difference to C. bleheri are the intensely red-orange, in some animals also quince-yellow colored, striped pectoral fins. There are further details, but they need not be of interest here. Concerning care and breeding C. bleheri and C. brunnea do not differ. Both are not mouth breeders, as one might suspect, but guard the spawn in the form of a raft on the water surface.

Both species are very calm, one could also say: sluggish animals, which can become fat very quickly. So you have to feed them sparingly, preferably with insects. They are also half cold water fish. Without hibernation for several weeks at 12-15°C the animals will get sick and will not live long. Otherwise, they are mostly comparatively (!!!!!) peaceful snakeheads that can be enjoyed for years.

For our customers: Channa brunnea has code 409068 on our stocklist. Please note that we supply exclusively to wholesalers.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Lepidosiren paradoxus

27. September 2023

The South American Lungfish is a very interesting fish, but it has only very drab colours. The usual pattern is mudcolour, eg brownish, greyish, sometimes a bit blackish. But why should an animal that lives in swamps and feeds on snails show bright coloration? On the other hand: astonishingly enough, very young specimens, like the ones we obtained recently from Peru (6-9 cm long) are very pretty! The fish are pitchblack and have golden-yellow dots. Against conspecfics the youngsters are very peaceful. This cannot be said about the adults! Pictures of adult specimens can be seen here: http://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/fish-archives/lepidosiren_paradoxus_en/

For our customers: the fish have code 265501 on our stocklist. Please note that we exclusively supply the wholesale trade.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Laetacara curviceps

25. September 2023

Long before the Apistogramma species became popular, another dwarf cichlid from Brazil captured the hearts of aquarists: Laetacara curviceps, the Flag acara. At that time it was still called Aequidens curviceps. For some time it has unfortunately become quiet around him. Now we have once again received beautiful offspring of this small, peaceful and beautiful cichlid.

For our customers: the animals have code 604002 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply wholesale.

Text & Photos: Frank Schäfer

Hyphessobrycon rosaceus (“ornatus”)

22. September 2023

In 1997, the US ichthyologists Stanley Weitzman and Lisa Palmer published a scientific paper that caused a sensation among experts. In it, they described the new species Hyphessobrycon epicharis, but also commented in detail on a relationship group within the South American small tetras known as the “rosy tetra clade”. The authors showed, among other things, that the phantom tetras belong to this group and that the genus Megalamphodus, in which the phantom tetras stood until then, does not represent an independent genus. 

The actual “rosy tetra”, i.e. the species that precedes the group as the eponymous species, has been one of the most popular ornamental fishes since 1933. Since there are a number of species in the rosy tetra clade that look extremely similar, it is understandable that there have been several misidentifications. At the first import in 1933 it was believed to be a scientifically unknown species, which was described as Hyphessobrycon ornatus. It sailed under this name until the 1960s. Then it was believed that H. ornatus was identical with H. bentosi from Brazil described in 1908. This was split into two subspecies, H. bentosi bentosi and H. bentosi ornatus. The current state of affairs is (fide Zarske, 2014) that the rosy tetra is in fact identical to H. rosaceus, a species described from Guyana in 1909 and to which H. ornatus is a synonym. 

Regardless of the name confusion, the tetra still swims in our aquariums and is propagated by several breeders. This is good, because from Guyana, its homeland, for many years no or only very sporadic imports take place for most different reasons (mainly to high costs). The very rare imports then do not contain common species like the rosy tetra. It is a good example that conservation breeding can easily be done over decades if only there is sufficient and continuous demand for the animals.

Please also note the entry about the breeding form “White Fin”: https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/fish-archives/hyphessobrycon-ornatus-white-fin-2/

For our customers: Hyphessobrycon rosaceus (“ornatus”) has under the name H. ornatus code 261402 on our stock list. Please note that we only supply to wholesalers.

Literature: 

Weitzman, S. H. and L. Palmer (1997): A new species of Hyphessobrycon (Teleostei: Characidae) from the Neblina region of Venezuela and Brazil, with comments on the putative `rosy tetra clade’. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 7 (no. 3): 209-242.

Zarske, A. (2014): Zur Systematik einiger Blutsalmler oder “Rosy Tetras” (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characidae). Vertebrate Zoology v. 64 (no. 2): 139-167.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Osphronemus laticlavius

22. September 2023

Once again we received the rare red-finned giant gourami (Osphronemus laticlavius). Like the common giant gourami this species grows around 60 cm long. The home of the fish is on Borneo, where it probably occurs naturally only in Sabah, i.e. in the very north of the island in the Malayan part. Since about 1985 this spectacular species is bred in Bangkok. Animals of this breeding stock formed the basis of the scientific description in 1992. The species was well known before, but always thought to be a “color form” of the common giant gourami, O. goramy.

The adult males develop a distinct physiognomy and deep red fins, which contrast beautifully with the body, which is black in courtship mood. The pictures of the adult animals (which we unfortunately do not have in our offer) show that O. laticlavius is a splendid show fish for large aquariums.

For our customers: the animals have code 440922 on our stocklist. Please note that we supply exclusively to wholesalers.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Macrognathus aculeatus “Bangka”

22. September 2023

The small spiny eel Macrognathus aculeatus – the species rarely grows to 20 cm long, even though 38 cm is given as the maximum length in the literature – is one of the longest known species of these bizarre fishes. Already in 1786 it was described by Bloch. As so often with old known species there are exactly therefore a lot of misidentifications in the literature, because the origin was only vaguely known to Bloch; he gives “East India”, which corresponded at that time to the Moluccas, the Indonesian island world and the peninsula Malacca. In this area there are several Macrognathus species similar to each other. Therefore Kottelat and Widjanarti limited the origin to Java in 2005 and established a neotype from there as future reference.

We could now for the first time import beautiful, apparently adult (because the females show clear spawning) Macrognathus from Indonesia, which according to the exporter were collected on the (relatively!) small island of Bangka. Bangka is located east off Sumatra and about 500 km north of Java. These spiny eels are not distinguishable from the neotype and are perhaps the first “real” Macrognathus aculeatus that came alive to Germany – at least recognized.

The care of these animals is easy. They are peaceful, sociable fish that like to cuddle with conspecifics in a lair. However, small fish are seen as a food supplement, you should pay attention to this. Temperature requirements are between 22 and 28°C. Although in nature they seem to colonize peat swamps with strongly acidic black water, the adaptation to “normal” water conditions is good. Any drinking water is suitable for their care. For food it is best to give frozen and live food. They prefer red mosquito larvae, tubifex and the like. After acclimation they usually also accept granulated food. All spiny eels are free spawners, spawning near the water surface in dense plant tangles. Spiny eels do practice broodcare. The sexes differ mainly in the abdominal girth, which is considerably fuller in females.

For our customers: the animals have code 425158 on our stocklist. Please note that we supply exclusively to wholesalers.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Myoglanis koepckei

20. September 2023

This small catfish, unique in its combination of characteristics, originates from Peru. There it was collected (scientifically) for the first time in 1984 in a small tributary of the Rio Nanay, which had sandy bottom covered with debris (probably dead wood, dead leaves etc). The scientific description was then in 1999 as Myoglanis koepckei. In the ornamental fish trade this species is offered only very sporadically in small numbers. For us these are the first specimen at all, which we could import.

The largest specimen that has been scientifically measured so far was 5.9 cm long (without caudal fin). The specimen photographed for this post is about that size, rather slightly larger, and measures (with caudal fin) about 7.5 cm. Noticeable are the numerous and large pores in the head area and on the forebody, which strangely are not mentioned at all in the scientific description. These pores are highly sensitive sensory organs. Body shape and just these pores (they are electroreceptors, with which extremely weak electric currents are perceived, as they arise, for example, during the muscle movement of a small worm) strongly remind of the conditions in Gymnallabes (see https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/10-catfishes/gymnallabes-typus-2/). Although Myoglanis and Gymnallabes are not related; they probably have a similar lifestyle. 

For our customers: the animals have code 271223 on our stock list. Please note that we supply only wholesale. Only available in very small quantities!

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Pelvicachromis pulcher wild yellow

18. September 2023

The yellow color variety of the species P. pulcher comes from southwestern Nigeria, where it is collected west of the Niger Delta in the Ethiop River area. The additional color designations yellow, red and green refer to the gill covers in P. pulcher, they all get red bellies. 

In all Pelvicachromis, females are considerably more colorful than males. In the wild caught P. pulcher, which we can offer regularly, one can study very nicely the variance of the eyespots in the dorsal fin and caudal fin. The number of spots varies individually between zero and eight.

For our customers: the animals have code 560203 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Nematobrycon palmeri WILD

15. September 2023

The Emperor Tetra (Nematobrycon palmeri) has been one of the most popular tetra species for decades due to its beauty and interesting behavior, and is available year-round as a captive breed.

Wild catches, on the other hand, are only available for a limited time and on a seasonal basis. We have now once again received a beautiful shipment of these animals from Colombia.

As with most tetras, the main difference between wild-caught and captive-bred tetras is that wild-caught tetras are much smaller and more graceful than captive-bred tetras, which is due to the fact that the food supply in nature is by far not as abundant as in the aquarium. The photographed animals are fully sexually differentiated (i.e. the males have the three-tipped tail fin and both sexes are capable of spawning) and yet they are only 2-3 cm long!

Regarding the colorfulness there is no difference between captive bred and wild caught fish: both are beautiful!

For our customers: the animals have code 272603 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply to wholesalers.

Text & Photos: Frank Schäfer

Apteronotus leptorhynchus (A. macrostomus)

15. September 2023

The “Brown Ghost” is one of the most popular knifefishes in the aquarium. The species is not small, but not huge either: the maximum length to be expected is about 20 cm. This makes it less than half the size of its black cousin (A. albifrons). It is fascinating to observe knifefish in the aquarium. At first they are still shy and hide, but soon the comparatively intelligent fish understand that there is no danger to them in the aquarium. Then they delight the aquarist with their swimming skills, for knifefish can swim forward and backward with equal speed and elegance. All knifefish belong to the electric fish, but they cannot deliver an electric shock, the voltage is much too low for that. The electrical discharges are used by the fish for orientation (like the echolocation of bats on land) and for intra-species communication. In order to avoid electrosmog in the aquarium, each animal needs hiding places in the form of a cave, which shields the electrical signal. Not beautiful, but extremely practical for this purpose are PVC tubes of various diameters.

For decades, the Brown Ghost was believed to have a vast range in South America. In 2013, scientists Carlos David de Santana and Richard P. Vari published a study in which they showed that there is not one widespread species, but that at least nine different species can be identified, each with a relatively small range. Purely externally, however, they cannot be distinguished on live animals. The fish offered in the hobby originate from Colombia and belong with highest probability to Apteronotus macrostomus. This species comes from the surroundings of the city Villavicencio at the Rio Meta, where numerous ornamental fish catchers are active. The “true” A. leptorhynchus is probably not imported; it comes from the Essequibo River drainage in Guyana. However, since there are no significant external differences between the Brown Ghost species, they will probably continue to be referred to as “Apteronotus leptorhynchus” in the trade.

For our customers: the animals have code 208002 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply to wholesalers.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Peckoltia sp. L265/LDA84

15. September 2023

There are three forms of orange fringed plecos among L catfishes, namely L76 (tributaries of Rio do Pará, Brazil), L99 (also tributaries of Rio do Pará, Brazil), and L265 (Rio Tajajós and its tributary Rio Jamanxin, Brazil). Thus, all sites are located within the state of Pará. L265 has also received LDA number 84 after being assigned an L number. All of these animals have in common that the otherwise largely unpatterned dorsal and caudal fin has an orange fringe. Individually the body pattern can be quite different, therefore the various L- and LDA-numbers. But always one recognizes a pattern of four broad, dark bars on the flanks. In L265/LDA84 the body plates are conspicuously dark bordered.

The pretty animals become 12-15 cm long and belong to the peaceful representatives of the family. The dentition shows that they are unspecialized omnivores, which in the aquarium especially like to accept frozen food of animal origin, but should also get the usual vegeabilic food. Like so many central Amazonian loricariids they like a combination of strong current and comparatively warm water (28-30°C). They are typical cave breeders with a father family.

The assignment of L76, L99 and L265 to the genus Peckoltia is only provisional; because of the orange fin seams a relationship with Ancistomus snethlagae is occasionally suspected. But it is surely more meaningful to wait for a scientific treatment of the animals, than to speculate wildly concerning the genus affiliation.

For our customers: the animals have code 26480-L 265-2 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply to wholesalers.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Brochis splendens “Peru“

13. September 2023

From the upper Amazonas drainage in Peru we regularly receive the beautiful emerald catfish, Brochis splendens. From this region no less than four synonyms of this armored catfish, distributed in three genera (Brochis, Chaenothorax and Corydoras) were described by the famous biologist Edward Drinker Cope (1840-1897)! This shows very clearly how different the fish can look. The type specimen of the species Callichthys splendens (today: Brochis splendens) described by Castelnau in 1855 came from the Rio Tocantins in Brazil. It is agreed that there are several species behind the name Brochis splendens, but a comprehensive revision of the species does not exist at present.

At least it is quite interesting that just in a tank with Peru imports we noticed animals with small dots in the dorsal fin. This fin is usually completely transparent in B. splendens. At the same time one male developed – possibly because of the unusually high water temperatures due to the current heat wave – a courtship dress and distinctly long extended pectoral fin spines. The courtship dress is shown by a darkening of the body, a brightening of the head area and both zones are sharply separated by a bright vertical line. The matching female (and the other animals in the tank), on the other hand, continues to show the usual shiny emerald green coloration.

In terms of care, Brochis splendens does not differ significantly from most Corydoras species. You should keep these fish in a group (from 6 specimens upwards). The tank should not be too small, because B. splendens can reach almost 10 cm length. The bottom should consist of fine, soft sand at least in places. Every usual ornamental fish food is eaten. The Corydoras are completely peaceful against all co-inhabitants. Every tap water suitable as drinking water is suitable for the care, the water temperature can be between 18 and 28°C.

For our customers: the animals have code 212505 on our stock list. Please note that we supply only wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Hemigrammus luelingi

11. September 2023

Head-and-Taillight tetras were introduced to Germany as early as 1910 and were also bred soon after. They soon belonged to the iron stock of ornamental fish. Since then there are practically no more wild-caught imports. Now we have received head-and-taillights from Peru, which we initially mistakenly determined to be wild Hemigrammus ocellifer. Tetra specialist Flávio Lima pointed out to us that they are actually H. luelingi, however! He wrote: „This is not Hemigrammus ocellifer, but rather Hemigrammus luelingi, a related species. Hemigrammus ocellifer does not have the anterior humeral blotch rounded as this fish but vertically elongated and more faded. Also, it is a relatively stockier fish. Hemigrammus ocellifer is actually much more common and widespread than H. luelingi, which is a common species in western Amazon basin, especially Peru and Colombia, but not elsewhere.“

Many thanks to Flávio also once again at this point! 

Tetra lovers should definitely pay attention to the differences so they don’t accidentally produce unwanted hybrids (if the two species mate). It is gratifying that another handsome tetra species is now available in the hobby. The animals look especially pretty in aquariums with dark substrate, then the luminous spots on the shoulders and tail and the eyes seem to literally glow.

Who would like to compare: an entry to H. ocellifer can be found here: https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/09-characoids-tetra-relationship/hemigrammus-ocellifer-2/

Also very similar is H. falsus, for this see here:https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/09-characoids-tetra-relationship/hemigrammus-falsus-2/

For our customers: H. luelingi has code 256793 on our stock list. Please note that we only supply wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Pseudomugil ivantsoffi

8. September 2023

This cute blue-eye originates from the surroundings of the town Timika in the Indonesian province Papua on New Guinea. It was discovered and scientifically described relatively late (1999); at first it was thought to be the same species as P. reticulatus, whose locality is about 900 km further northwest (seen from Timika). But then it turned out that they are different species. 

The animals reach a maximum length of about 3 cm (without caudal fin), males are slightly larger than females. In nature they live in strongly shaded jungle streams of about 2 m width. There pH-values between 6,7 and 7,8 and water temperatures between 24 and 28°C were measured. One must always keep in mind that such measurements are always only snapshots and in nature the values can occasionally deviate significantly up and down. Nevertheless they show that the species is obviously not adapted to extreme conditions.

The care and breeding are comparable with other blue-eyes. It is best to keep the completely peaceful animals in a group of 10-20 specimens of both sexes. They eat any common ornamental fish food, it only has to fit into the small mouth. Spawning takes place in fine plants, these fish do not practice brood care. The newly hatched fry are tiny and grow quite slowly. 

For our customers: the animals have code 446022 on our stock list. Please note that we supply only wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Corydoras ortegai (CW31)

8. September 2023

This cute corydoras is relatively new. It was scientifically described only in 2007. In the hobby it was known a bit longer as “Loreto Panda”, “New Panda” and under the code number CW31. The CW-numbers are assigned on the homepage of Ian Fuller (https://www.corydorasworld.com/).

The complete distribution of the pretty species is not yet known. The locality of the specimens used for scientific description was in the drainage of the Rio Putumayo. This river rises in southern Colombia, forms the border between Colombia, Ecuador and Peru in places, continues through Peru into Brazil (where it is called Rio Içá) and finally flows into the Amazon. In total, the Rio Putumayo is over 2,000 km long. 

Corydoras ortegai does not inhabit black or clear water, but has been found in the turbid white water of the Rio Yaguas (a tributary of the Putumayo in Peru). Aquaristically the species is excellent and could be bred already, but it is not very productive, so that the small number of offspring does not (yet) appear in the trade, but is distributed among enthusiasts. Males become about 4 cm, females about 4.5 cm long (standard length without tail fin).

For our customers: the animals 238302 on our stocklist. Please note that we supply exclusively to wholesalers.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Caridina pareparensis parvidentata

6. September 2023

Dwarf shrimp from the island of Sulawesi (formerly: Celebes) in Indonesia are famous for their colorfulness – and notorious for their high demands on care. These species originate from the large Malili lakes. However, there are dwarf shrimp on Sulawesi that are some of the easiest to keep and maintain anywhere! Among these is Caridina pareparensis. It lives in rivers in the south of the island and adapts to pretty much all conditions you can imagine in a normal aquarium at all: soft and hard water, acidic or alkaline pH, even some salt in the water is tolerated and the temperature can be between 16 and 30°C.

Under all these conditions lives and reproduces the dwarf, which grows only about 1.5 cm long. The breeding is very productive. Although this dwarf shrimp is not very colorful, it is still pretty and because it is not shy at all, its care gives a lot of pleasure.

The species Caridina pareparensis was described from a river near Parepare; the form kept in the hobby is usually assigned to the subspecies (described as variant) Caridina pareparensis parvidentata, whose origin is a spring called Malawa near the village of Tjamba (this is about 150 km further south from Parepare). Where exactly the animals, which are kept in the aquarium, were/are collected is not known. The difference between the typical form and parvidentata lies in the dentition of the rostrum, where parvidentata (like our animals) has 6-10 denticles, all located on the rostrum, while the typical pareparensis has 13-18 denticles, of which 3-4 are located on the cephalothorax.

For our customers: the dwarf shrimp have code 481682 on our stock list. Please note that we only supply to wholesalers.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Hephaestus habbemai

4. September 2023

New fish, new questions. This is how we could characterize our import of the grunter Hephaestus habbemai. These beautiful fish come to us from Indonesia and originate from the island of New Guinea. Originally (1910) they were described from the south of the island, from the Lorentz River. The species is a pure freshwater inhabitant; it reaches a length of about 15-20 cm plus caudal fin. At present our animals are 10-12 cm long (total length). Among themselves the animals are extremely well compatible, which is by no means a matter of course with grunters.

The perch-like shape and the relationship show it already: we are dealing with a carnivore. Frozen and live food of suitable size is willingly accepted, small fish are of course considered as additional food. 

So far, so good. Where are the questions? In fact, the identification of the animals is by no means certain. We simply took the name for the time being, the research about which species it really is proves to be lengthy and is by no means finished.

We have also made a small film about these fish, which you can watch here:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03uhpKSNNxA

For our customers: the fish have code 421478 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Thayeria sp. Red Tail Teles Pires

1. September 2023

Penguin tetras (Thayeria) are well known aquarium fishes. Of the scientifically accepted four species (T. boehlkei, T. ifati, T. obliqua, T. tapajonica) T. boehlkei is always on offer in the ornamental fish trade. Almost all of them are offsprings, although the species is widely distributed in South America (Peru, Ecuador, Brazil and Bolivia).

The Rio Teles Pires is an approximately 1,400 km long river in Brazil and one of the two headwaters of the Rio Tapajós. Apparently, a biodiversity hotspot for Thayeria is located in the Teles Pires: in a recent scientific study of Teles Pires fish species (Ohara, W. M. et al. (2017): Peixes do rio teles pires: diversidade e guia de identificação.), the authors were able to detect 3 different species: T. boehlkei, the then undescribed T. tapajonica, and another scientifically new species in which the lateral stripe begins only below the dorsal fin (as in T. ifati from the Maroni River in Guiana). They provisionally call this species “falso ifati”.

But the most spectacular new discovery from the Teles Pires probably passed them by: the Thayeria sp. Red Tail! It is a wonderfully colorful Penguin tetra, which combines all positive characteristics of the T. boehlkei (size, swimming, social behavior, demands on the aquarium keeping), only that it is additionally very colorful. Whether the species really originates from Teles Pires, we can of course not judge, but we can now offer this new gem in larger numbers as a German offspring for the first time.

For our customers: Thayeria sp. Red Tail Teles Pires has code 296752 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Corydoras loretoensis

1. September 2023

The extremely great popularity of the Corydoras in aquaristics is certainly due to the combination of peacefulness, usefulness and nice appearance that these fish combine. They all have these characteristics, and so you really can’t go far wrong when it comes to deciding which species to choose for your aquarium.

But there are subtle differences nonetheless. Some species grow larger than others, some are particularly sensitive, some like it rather cool, others warm, still others swim more in the open water and also the swarm cohesion is differently pronounced. Corydoras loretoensis originates from Peru, more precisely from the department of Loreto – hence its name. It becomes (without tail fin) maximally 4.5-5 cm long. The temperature requirements are in the range of 22-26°C, the adaptability to different water values is very good. C. loretoensis belongs to the bottom dwellers with particularly large swarm cohesion. Therefore it should be kept in groups of 7 specimens or more.

For our customers: the animals have code 233603 on our stocklist. Please note that we supply exclusively to wholesalers.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Cambarellus patzcuarensis CPO

30. August 2023

The gray-brown wild form of the orange dwarf crayfish Cambarellus patzcuarensis (CPO) originates from Mexico, where it is endemic (i.e. only found there) in Lake Patzcuaro. Due to massive environmental pollution and the use of foreign fish for food purposes, the ecosystem of Lake Patzcuaro is extremely disturbed, and a large number of the animal and plant species found there are unfortunately even threatened with extinction – among them Cambarellus patzcuarensis. The catch for aquarium keeping plays no role at all, commercial catches do not exist and the aquarium strains go back to very few individuals brought back by private expeditions, which completely excludes any impairment of the wild stocks from a scientific point of view.

The orange form, which is common in aquaristics today, originated in the aquarium and has been stabilized by appropriate breeding selection. It does not occur in the wild.

With usually 3 cm (male) and 3.5 cm (female) length, the animals are true dwarf crayfish. Only in rare exceptional cases they can reach a maximum length of 5 cm. At least the aquarium strains are also by far not as hide-addicted as most of the larger crayfish species and therefore often visible during the day. Because of their small size Cambarellus species cause little mess in planted aquariums and they can be socialized well with fish. Of course, one must limit oneself to small and peaceful species, which cannot be dangerous to the mini-crawfish even after molting, when they are still soft.

For our customers: CPO has code 481332 on our stock list. Please note that we only supply wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Gymnogeophagus balzanii

28. August 2023

The hump of the male of G. balzanii is comparable to the feather tail of a peacock: it is simply the expression of manhood! The Paraguay Eartheater originates from the southern parts of South America and is imported now and then from Paraguay as wild collected stock, but the species is also bred on a regular basis. The peaceful and quirky animal is thus quite often available, like our photographed specimens.

The species is a maternal, larvophilous mouthbrooder; this means that only the female takes care for the brood and that only the hatched larvae are taken in the mouth, while the eggs (which are placed on stones etc.) are treated in a “normal” way.

For our customers: the animals have code 676013 on our stocklist. Please note that we exclusively supply the wholesale trade.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Datnioides campbelli

25. August 2023

Among lovers of large, predatory fish, the species of the genus Datnioides (formerly: Coius) enjoy great popularity. They are calm, expressive fish that, after a sometimes somewhat tough acclimation period in which they are shy and skittish, become very attached to the keeper and provide decades of enjoyment.

All Datnioides species grow to 30-40 cm in size. Some prefer brackish water, others soft and acidic freshwater. Still others – D. campbelli is one of these – can do both and take it as it comes. D. campbelli is restricted in its distribution to the island of New Guinea. There it lives in the south-central part in two states, the province Papua belonging to Indonesia and the independent Papua New Guinea. Most of its finds are in the lower reaches of rivers, where it is often brackish, but it has also been caught far above the tidal influence. Due to its bright golden-yellow tiger coloration (all other Datnioides species are silver to ivory with black bands), D. campbelli is easy to identify by color, but capable of extremely rapid color changes. Disturbed animals become deep dark brown in a flash. Currently our animals are 7-9 cm long.

For basic care of such tiger perches see https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/general/datnoides-quadrifasciatus-2/

For our customers: the animals have code 413893 on our stock list. Please note that we only supply wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Stiphodon atropurpureus

25. August 2023

The neon gobies of the genus Stiphodon are all beautiful fish. None of the 37 currently known species grows longer than 5-7 cm, usually they remain much smaller. Although adult Stiphodon live exclusively in pure freshwater, the larvae can only develop in the sea. Therefore, neon gobies live in streams near the coast. They spawn under stones, the male guards the eggs. The hatching, tiny larvae are washed with the current into the sea, where they develop.

Stiphodon atropurpureus is – if one follows the literature data – widely distributed, because the larvae are drifted with ocean currents. The species is known from Japan, Taiwan, Malaysia, the Philippines and South China. However, it is scientifically described from the Philippines. Extremely similar is S. semoni from Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. By pure observation the two species cannot be distinguished. S. atropurpureus has more scales in the longitudinal row (30-37, mostly 33-35, S. semoni has 27-30), in the vertical row (12-18, mostly 15-17, S. semoni has 10-11) and in front of the first dorsal fin, so altogether smaller (and therefore more) scales on the body. 

However, this is not recognizable on the living animal; it is more than likely that S. atropurpureus and S. semoni are constantly confused with each other. Also we have no other choice than to trust the information of the exporter. Since the two species do not differ in aquaristic requirements and in coloration, the question of which species they are is rather academic.

The fish, like all Stiphodon, live in schools consisting of males and females. Females are inconspicuously colored. Only when they want to spawn, the males develop the full color splendor, occupy a territory and court with their bright colors in front of the females. When the young have hatched, the males become paler again (but they are then still beautiful) and return to the shoal.

In the aquarium the care succeeds easily. Being omnivorous, Stiphodon prefer small food particles (food tablets, frozen cyclops, etc.) and also gnaw on algae. 

For our customers: the animals have code 456083 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Leporinus pellegrinii

23. August 2023

The large genus Leporinus comprises more than 90 species and still confronts science with hardly solvable problems concerning the delimitation of the species. Among the groups of species known for decades as particularly complicated is the group of forms around Leporinus maculatus. These are Leporinus, where at least a part of the flank pattern consists of round spots. Leporinus pellegrinii, which was described in 1910 from Surinam, belongs to the “maculatus group” (the spelling with two “i” at the end is the correct one). The author Steindachner later also assigned animals from the Rio Branco to this species. Unfortunately, the species was not illustrated in the scientific description, so that until today there are doubts about its identity. According to the present opinion the species exists in the Rio Branco, Essequibo, Tibit, Saramacca, Suriname, Mana and in the Peruvian Amazon. 

We have at present very beautiful Leporinus, which are to be counted most probably to the species L. pellegrinii, in stock. Our animals come from Brazil, we did not get more exact information. It is a relatively small Leporinus species, which according to the available information does not exceed 12 cm total length (including tail fin). Among themselves the beautiful fish are peaceful, which is always worth mentioning with Leporinus.

For our customers: the animals have code 265933 on our stock list. Please note that we supply only wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Hypselobarbus jerdoni

21. August 2023

We have received again some juveniles of the very rarely imported large barb Hypselobarbus jerdoni. It is an endemic species of southern India, where it is found in the states of Karnataka and Kerala. With a maximum final length of 50 cm, H. jerdoni is only suitable for really large aquariums.

Here the current-loving, peaceful fish is a real eye-catcher. The brilliant orange pelvic fins are its unique selling point, something you won’t find in any other barb species. In nature, the animal performs spawning migrations of up to 100 km in length. From this it can be concluded that it is a powerful swimmer, capable of overcoming obstacles. If you want to catch H. jerdoni from the aquarium, it sometimes shows what it is made of and jumps from a standing position over 50 cm high vertically out of the water – although our animals are only 6-8 cm long! But nevertheless the species is anything but shy.

For our customers: the animals have code 421592 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Gastromyzon “punctulatus”

18. August 2023

In 1961, a review paper on the hillstream loaches of the genus Gastromyzon of Borneo was published. In it five species were distinguished: G. pauciradiatus, G. nieuwenhuisii, G. fasciatus, G. punctulatus and G. borneensis. In 2006 the next revision of these fishes from Borneo appeared. This was accompanied by a true species explosion; in Gastromyzon alone, 36 species are now known from Borneo! Of the original five species, two are now in Neogastromyzon (nieuwenhuisii and pauciradiatus), so that no less than 33 species, which were assigned to 3 species in earlier imports, must now be redetermined! However, this is not so easy as one can imagine, because many species characteristics are only recognizable on specially prepared specimens and even then it requires great experience not to go astray.

There are always two spotted species offered in the ornamental fish trade that look extremely similar: Gastromyzon ctenocephalus and G. scitulus. Since in former times only one punctulated species was known, namely G. punctulatus, both have been called G. punctulatus for decades. In reality, however, G. punctulatus has “top of head and vertebral area with small, round, light spots in a dark network” (Inger & Chin, 1961) and is probably imported only very exceptionally – if at all, but the two species G. ctenocephalus and G. sciltulus have light spots on a uniform dark background. Depending on the mood, the basic coloration can vary between light brown and deep black. You can supposedly tell these two species apart if they spread their fins. Then you can see that C. ctenocephalus has horizontal blue stripes in the caudal fin and blue-green shiny spots in the dorsal fin; G. sciltulus has blue-green shiny spots in the caudal fin and no colorful markings in the dorsal fin. Unfortunately, however, the animals do not spread their fins when called, and furthermore there are abundant intermediate forms, even within a single import. The animals shown in this post correspond best to G. ctenocephalus. Because quite often a mix of up to five hillstream loach species comes to us anyway – these animals are simply still offered as Gastromyzon punctulatus in the trade.

This is not a big deal if it is not about special scientific questions, because regarding the care requirements all Gastromyzon species are alike. They want very clean, if possible strongly flowing water in a temperature range of 22-28°C, whereby middle values are to be preferred. In nature the water is very soft and often also acidic, in the aquarium they do not necessarily need this. However, during acclimation it may be useful to approximate natural water values. Gastromyzon have a horny lip, with which they can scrape growth from stones and roots. However, they are less concerned with algae than with micro life. You can feed these fish very well with all kinds of food, small frozen foods are best for them. Among themselves these fish are compatible, fights are always harmless. They are not interested in other species. Males differ from the (larger) females by a large glandular scale at the base of the ventral fin. Spawning takes place – as far as known – over coarse gravel, the spawn develops in the gap system between the pebbles. Gastromyzon species do not engage in brood care.

For our customers: Gastromyzon “punctulatus” has code 416562 on our stock list. Please note that we supply exclusively to wholesalers.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Gymnochanda ploegi

18. August 2023

We have received this dwarf glass perch from Indonesia, which was named in honour of Alex Ploeg, who was in the passenger plane shot over the Ukraine on 17 July 2014.

Gymnochanda ploegi is known so far only from West Kalimantan, the part of Borneo belonging to Indonesia. It is a pure freshwater species that lives in very soft, acidic water. The peaceful fish become only 3-4 cm long and is a schooling species. Their care is not difficult, however, Gymnochanda, like most glass-perches, accept only live and  frozen food, the latter only after habituation. It is best to feed such small treasures with live Artemia nauplii.

Only the males have enlarged and red colored fins. Glass-perches often spawn in the aquarium, they are plant-spawners without brood-care. The raising of the tiny young, who often only accept certain food organisms, is, however, a very high school of aquaristics.

For our customers: the animals have code 419622 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply wholesalers.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Brachyplatystoma capapretum

16. August 2023

The genus Brachyplatystoma is called “Goliath Catfishes” in English, because some of its species belong to the largest freshwater fishes at all: up to 3.6 m length are given in literature! In South America they are ubiquitous and important food fish, of which more than 30,000 tons are consumed annually. Nevertheless, distinguishing the species is almost impossible in some cases, and the species we present here was even scientifically recorded and named only in 2005! In fact, there is no one in the entire world who could confidently distinguish Brachyplatystoma capapretum and B. filamentosum from live specimens or photographs. The difference lies in the dentition. Since both species can occur in the same habitat, also the knowledge of the origin is of no use for identification attempts. The specimens shown here are from Colombia. Our decision in favor of B. capapretum in the present case is based on the upper jaw dentition, which seems to us more similar to B. capapretum than to B. filamentosum. But of course we cannot be really sure either. The relatively small spots on the body speak rather for B. filamentosum, in B. capapretum they are often larger. But since very small juveniles (up to about 3 cm body length) of both species have no spots at all, this characteristic is very unreliable.

No matter which species it is exactly: both become huge! So they are only suitable for really large aquariums and zoological gardens. Although the maximum length of B. capapretum is stated to be “only” 120 cm (that of B. filamentosum three times as long), this is probably based simply on the fact that before 2005 all large goliath catfishes were assigned to B. filamentosum. Due to massive (and threatening!) fishing pressure, even specimens of B. filamentosum over 120 cm long have been downright rarities in the wild since the 1990s.

The extremely long maxillary barbels of our fish are tremendously impressive, reaching a good 13-14 cm in length at about 7-8 cm body length (about 9-10 cm with caudal fin without caudal fin filament). What these long barbels are for is unknown. In any case they are very sensitive to touch and it seems important to us to point out to interested people that you should offer these animals aquariums with as large a surface area as possible (length and depth, the height is not so essential) without significant furnishings. However, a sandy bottom is vital, otherwise sooner or later bacterial infections will set in on the belly of the fish. The aquarium should be only dimly lit, if necessary this can be achieved by a floating plant cover. Brachyplatystoma are fish eaters from an early age. After acclimation they will accept almost any coarse frozen food in the aquarium, but for the beginning well kept, healthy (!) food fish are the best choice. Among themselves our animals are peaceful.

For our customers: the animals have code 211052 on our stocklist. Please note that we supply only wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Carassius auratus Shubunkin multicolored 4-6 cm

14. August 2023

The juveniles of all goldfish breeds are wild colored up to a length of about 4 cm, i.e. gray-green with a brass sheen. That is why there are never very small goldfish in the trade. The first juveniles from this spring have now colored up and are available, a very good opportunity for those who may even have breeding thoughts themselves; because only if you start with small juveniles, you as a breeder have full control over the optimal conditions according to your own philosophy.

The pictures show our Shubunkin youngsters currently in the stock. More information about Shubunkins can be found here: https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/fish-archives/shubunkin-2/

For our customers: the photographed animals have code 811001 on our stock list. Please note that we only supply wholesale.

Text & Photos: Frank Schäfer

Wallaciia compressiceps (= Crenicichla c.).

11. August 2023

The dwarf spezies among the pike cichlids have recently been separated as an independent genus Wallaciia (see https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/fish-archives/the-crenicichla-have-been-reclassified/). They include W. compressiceps, which occurs only in the Tocantins and Araguaia rivers in Brazil. It is one of the smallest, the prettiest and the most aggressive pike cichlid species. Although it only grows to a maximum length of 10 cm, females always remain smaller, the animals should be provided with at least a 120 cm aquarium. Otherwise they can attack each other like small, biting terriers.

The males can be distinguished from the females already from the relatively small size of 4-6 cm by the clearly denser and more intensive striation of the softly rayed parts of the anal and dorsal fin as well as the caudal fin. In the latter, the stripes are either indistinct or even absent. In addition, males have a red stripe in the dorsal fin that is absent in females; however, this stripe is only seen when the animal spreads the dorsal fin.

If you can meet the space requirements of the little ruffians, you should definitely take care of them once. They are beautiful and relatively easy to breed. To do this, let pairs find each other from a group of animals. Like all pike cichlids they are cave breeders with parent family. The requirements for the water composition are easy to meet, they need a pH in the neutral or slightly acidic range, so they are by no means black water inhabitants! The water temperature should be between 26 and 28°C. Dry food is rejected by the fish, but any kind of frozen and live food is accepted.

For our customers: the fish have code 669202 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Hyphessobrycon haraldschultzi

11. August 2023

After a long time we could finally import some of the beautiful Hyphessobrycon haraldschultzi from the Rio Araguaia in Brazil. The animals are clearly slimmer than serpa tetras (H. eques, “serpae”, “minor” etc.). The coloration is more reminiscent of H. amandae, because the red is – unlike serpa tetras – not a rich blood red but a beautiful crystal red.

More about this beautiful fish you can find here: https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/fish-archives/hyphessobrycon_haraldschultzi_spec_araguaia__en/

For our customers: the animals have code 260402 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Boulengerella maculata

9. August 2023

The elegant predatory tetras of the genus Boulengerella are divided into 5 species: B. cuvieri, B. lateristriga, B. lucius, B. maculata and B. xyrekes. They are widely distributed in the major river systems of Amazon and Orinoco. Distinguishing the species is not easy, especially with juveniles. 

We just received from Peru pretty 10-12 cm long juveniles of B. maculata. This species is very widespread (Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Colombia and Venezuela). The mottling is much coarser in juveniles than in adult specimens (see https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/fish-archives/boulengerella_maculata_en/). B. maculata reaches a total length of about 30 -35 cm and should be kept in groups, thus needs sufficiently large aquariums.

For our customers: the animals have code 210703 on our stocklist. Please note that we supply exclusively to wholesalers.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Apistogramma allpahuayo (2)

7. August 2023

From Peru a beautiful dwarf cichlid regularly comes to us, which is called “Apistogramma juruensis” on the exporter´s lists. The animals are very similar to A. cacatuoides and to A. juruensis, but can usually be easily distinguished from both by one coloration feature: a black chin spot, which was decisive for the common trade name in our country: Black Chin. The species was finally described scientifically by Römer et al. in 2012 as Apistogramma allpahuayo. It originates from an area near Iquitos, which belongs to the drainage of the Rio Nanay. For pictures of this form see https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/fish-archives/apistogramma-allpahuayo-2/

As said, the black chin spot is normally a very good identification mark of the species. Now we have received a shipment of these animals that shows the chin spot almost not at all. Additionally it is noticeable that in “normal” A. allaphuayo the membranes of the first three dorsal fin rays are black in excited males, in the newcomers only the first two. All in all the differences are only minor, but they show once again that in Apistogramma you always have to expect a certain range with regard to pattern characteristics.

For our customers: the animals have code 622723 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply to wholesalers.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Hemigrammus falsus

5. August 2023

Head-and-Tail light tetras were introduced to Germany as early as 1910 and were also bred soon after. They soon belonged to the iron stock of ornamental fish. These first head-and-taillight tetras were identified as Hemigrammus ocellifer. In 1958 Hermann Meinken noticed that the head-and-taillight tetra in the hobby does not have a shoulder spot, but the “real” H. ocellifer does. Therefore Meinken described the old known fish without shoulder spot as a new subspecies, which he named H. ocellifer falsus.

Nowadays, it is believed that H. ocellifer and H. falsus are even different species, because they do not mix in nature. Since the “true” H. ocellifer (with shoulder spot) was considered prettier, H. falsus gradually disappeared from the hobby. Nowadays only H. ocellifer is offered. Practically without exception they are offspring. 

The Hemigrammus falsus illustrating this post, however, are wild-caught. They came as so called bycatch from Peru to us

Who would like to compare: an entry to H. ocellifer can be found here: https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/09-characoids-tetra-relationship/hemigrammus-ocellifer-2/

Also very similar is H. luelingi, for this see here: https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/09-characoids-tetra-relationship/hemigrammus-luelingi-2/

The animals look especially pretty in aquariums with dark substrate, then the luminous spots on shoulder and tail and the eyes seem to literally glow.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Hemigrammus ocellifer

5. August 2023

Head-and-Tail light tetras were introduced to Germany as early as 1910 and were also bred soon after. They soon belonged to the iron stock of ornamental fish. These first head-and-taillight tetras were identified as Hemigrammus ocellifer. In 1958 Hermann Meinken noticed that the head-and-taillight tetra in the hobby does not have a shoulder spot, but the “real” H. ocellifer does. Therefore Meinken described the old known fish without shoulder spot as a new subspecies, which he named H. ocellifer falsus.

Nowadays, it is believed that H. ocellifer and H. falsus are even different species, because they do not mix in nature. Since the “true” H. ocellifer (with shoulder spot) was considered prettier, H. falsus gradually disappeared from the hobby. Nowadays only H. ocellifer is offered. Practically without exception they are offspring. 

Who would like to compare: an entry to H. falsus can be found here: https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/09-characoids-tetra-relationship/hemigrammus-falsus-2/

Also very similar is H. luelingi, for this see here: https://www.aquariumglaser.de/en/09-characoids-tetra-relationship/hemigrammus-luelingi-2/

The animals look especially pretty in aquariums with dark substrate, then the luminous spots on shoulder and tail and the eyes seem to literally glow.

For our customers: H. ocellifer has code 259602 on our stock list. Please note that we only supply wholesale.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Heroina isonycterina

4. August 2023

It does not always have to be bright colors that make a fish interesting. Rather, it appeals to nature lovers to study the life history of the animals they keep and this often leaves a deeper impression in the long run than the colorful appearance. By cichlid standards Heroina isonyterina is a gray mouse. However, it is exciting that this animal became known to science only very late. First collections were made in Colombia in 1958, then in Ecuador in 1971 and 1981 and in Peru in 1986. In spring 1995 H.-G. Breidohr, I. Kranz, U. Werner and W. Zucker flew to Colombia and searched east and west of Florencia in the drainage of the Rio Caqueta for cichlids. Among others, they caught the then scientifically unnamed H. isonycterina there, were able to bring it back and breed it. This prompted S. Kullander to finally give a formal scientific description of the new genus and species. The genus name is the female form of Heros – another genus of cichlid – and literally means “heroine”, the species name isonycterina means “equinox” and refers to the narrow distribution strip of the species in the far west of the Amazon drainage near the equator, where day and night are known to last 12 hours each.

The species falls quite out of the frame of what one expects of cichlids in South America. On the one hand it reminds a bit the also South American genera Hypselecara and Caquetaia, on the other hand it reminds very clearly to the Central American Cichlasoma relatives. With about 15 cm maximum length (males, females remain smaller) H. isonycterina is not a giant and already well accommodated in a meter tank. They are open breeders with a parental family. Some specimens spawn completely open, e.g. on flat root woods at the bottom, others prefer somewhat protected places under overhangs up to cave-like structures. Males and females differ in color when sexually mature. In females, the unpaired fins are less stippled and a greenish reflective zone develops in the dorsal fin.

We can currently offer offspring of this very rarely commercially available cichlid.

For our customers: the animals have code 682882 on our stocklist. Please note that we supply exclusively to wholesalers.

Text: Frank Schäfer, photos: Uwe Werner (adults) & Frank Schäfer (juveniles)

Corydoras sp. CW 89/CW 106

4. August 2023

The Rio Vaupés – so the Spanish spelling – or Rio Uaupes – that is the Portuguese one – is a “small” right tributary of the Rio Negro. After all, the “little one” has a length of 1,375 km! It rises in Colombia in the foothills of the Andes and forms the state border with the Brazilian state of Amazonas at a distance of about 150 km downstream from Mitú, where it flows into the Rio Negro about 40 km south of Icana. Aquaristically, it has been known for a long time that many peculiarities occur in the Rio Vaupes. Among them are also four armored catfishes, which however became known only in the last years: CW 89 (long snout, narrow dorsal band), CW91 (round snout to CW 89), CW106 (long snout, wider dorsal band and shorter snout than CW89), CW107 (round snout, wider dorsal band than CW91). They are found in Colombia, about 40 km east of Mitú, at least according to the exporters.

Unfortunately the mentioned distinguishing characteristics are not really constant. The more animals one gets to see, the more intermediate forms become recognizable, as it is known from other Rio Negro Corydoras. Especially the width of the dorsal band varies enormously. That is why we do not distinguish between CW89 and CW106 in the trade.

Now we have received particularly attractive animals, which are clearly more CW 106 because of the very broad dorsal band. Interesting is also the sexual dimorphism, the female is only indistinctly recognizable as a longnose. We are now eagerly waiting for when the first offspring will be offered and how they will look like.

For our customers: the CW 89/CW 106 have code 236105 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply to wholesalers.

Text & photos: Frank Schäfer

Ptychochromis oligacanthus

2. August 2023

Of the cichlids endemic to Madagascar, Ptychochromis oligacanthus is also quite well known aquaristically by name. However, the understanding of what is meant by this species has changed thoroughly only a few years ago (2006). Previously it was believed that the species was widespread and divided into four different colored races. Today these races are considered to be independent species. The actual Ptychochromis oligacanthus is restricted to the northwest of the island and the small offshore island Nosy Be. The isolated black spot on the upper half of the gill cover, which does not exist in any other Ptychochromis species, serves as a species identification mark in adult fish. Only Ptychochromis mainty, described as recently as 2015, is similar in this regard, but in this species the spot is associated with a longitudinal band running across the body.

Like so many species of Madagascar, Ptychochromis oligacanthus must unfortunately be considered endangered (Red List of the IUCN: Endangered), because the relatively numerous populations are not in any generic exchange with each other and can therefore die out very quickly locally due to economic use, stocking with foreign fish, environmental events, etc.. Catching for aquaristics has no influence on natural populations, all specimens in the hobby are offspring anyway.

We have just received small youngsters (about 3 cm) of Ptychochromis oligacanthus as German offspring. The parents (photo from the breeder) grow to 15-20 cm. P. oligacanthus is a robust fish with an aggression potential which should not be underestimated. Therefore it is essential to keep it in large, well-structured aquariums in a group from which pairs can find together. Only species that are hardy, such as various catfish, are suitable as community fish.

For our customers: the animals have code 574161 on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply wholesale.

Text & photos of the juveniles: Frank Schäfer

Poecilia reticulata Guppy Moskow Blue, Green, Black

31. July 2023

Where do the many Guppys that populate the aquariums of the world actually come from? The answer: they come from breeding farms, where these animals are professionally propagated, just like plants in a nursery. The largest breeding centers are located in tropical Asia (Sri Lanka, Singapore/Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam) and Israel. Breeding is carried out under strict veterinary supervision and is scientifically monitored by geneticists. Thus it is possible to offer the beautiful high-bred forms in excellent quality for decades, after it had come in the 1980s by failed breeding methods internationally to a true Guppy crisis.

But where does the name “Moscow Guppys” come from? Are these animals bred there? No, they are not. The name goes back to an article in the now defunct magazine “Aquarien-Magazin” in 1976. At that time Viktor Datskevich reported about the community of guppy breeders in Moscow, which organized an annual exhibition with 50 to 70 guppy aquariums. Two male guppys of the hobby breeder A Gribov were shown, which he exhibited together in a motley mix, contrary to the rules of high breeding. This tank was the crowd puller of the exhibition, which somewhat dismayed the “serious” breeders.

The two fishes pictured to the article were colorful mosaic guppies with triangle tail, basic color gray, the front body heavily reticulated, the hind body (from the base of the dorsal fin) black with green or blue shimmer. And since that time more and more Guppy forms are called “Moskow Guppys”. Originally this was probably done to make clear that they were particularly colorful and attractive Guppys. Later the term was used mainly for guppys with predominantly black body coloration, which had a green or blue iridescent sheen. Today a whole range of different Guppy color varieties are called “Moscow“, which actually do not have much in common with each other.

From Sri Lanka we get at present a whole row of very beautiful Moskows, Guppys of which we show in this post the color varieties black, green and blue.

For our customers:the animals have code 418673 (Black), 418683 (Blue) and 418693 (Green) on our stocklist. Please note that we only supply to wholesalers.

Literature:

Datskewitsch, V. (1976): Hübsche Guppys aus Moskau. Aquarien Magazin 10 (1): 4